Biosurfactant Production by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens C11 and Streptomyces lavendulae C27 Isolated from a Biopurification System for Environmental Applications

Biosurfactant-producing bacteria can be found in contaminated environments such as biopurification systems (BPS) for pesticide treatments. A total of 18 isolates were screened to determine their ability to produce extracellular biosurfactants, using olive oil as the main carbon source. Out of the eighteen isolates, two strains (C11 and C27) were selected for biosurfactant production. The emulsification activities of the C11 and C27 strains using sunflower oil was 58.4 and 53.7%, respectively, and 46.6 and 48.0% using olive oil. Using molecular techniques and MALDI-TOF, the strains were identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (C11) and Streptomyces lavendulae (C27). The submerged cultivation of the two selected strains was carried out in a 1 L stirred-tank bioreactor. The maximum biosurfactant production, indicated by the lowest surface tension measurement, was similar (46 and 45 mN/m) for both strains, independent of the fact that the biomass of the B. amyloliquefaciens C11 strain was 50% lower than the biomass of the S. lavendulae C27 strain. The partially purified biosurfactants produced by B. amyloliquefaciens C11 and S. lavendulae C27 were characterized as a lipopeptide and a glycolipid, respectively. These outcomes highlight the potential of the selected biosurfactant-producing microorganisms for improving pesticides’ bioavailability and therefore the degradational efficacy of BPS.