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Rapid Spread and Genetic Characterisation of a Recently Emerged Recombinant Lumpy Skin Disease Virus in Thailand
SIMPLE SUMMARY: Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is an economically important disease of cattle caused by LSD virus (LSDV), a member of poxviruses. It had never been found in Thailand before March 2021, but has since spread broadly to various provinces. Regional veterinarians have collected samples from the...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9609959/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36288155 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vetsci9100542 |
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author | Suwankitwat, Nutthakarn Songkasupa, Tapanut Boonpornprasert, Prakit Sripipattanakul, Phurida Theerawatanasirikul, Sirin Deemagarn, Taweewat Suwannaboon, Minta Arjkumpa, Orapun Buamithup, Noppawan Hongsawat, Akkarapol Jindajang, Sirima Nipaeng, Nawakarn Aunpomma, Dilok Molee, Lamul Puangjinda, Kanokwan Lohlamoh, Walaiporn Nuansrichay, Bandit Narawongsanont, Rawint Arunvipas, Pipat Lekcharoensuk, Porntippa |
author_facet | Suwankitwat, Nutthakarn Songkasupa, Tapanut Boonpornprasert, Prakit Sripipattanakul, Phurida Theerawatanasirikul, Sirin Deemagarn, Taweewat Suwannaboon, Minta Arjkumpa, Orapun Buamithup, Noppawan Hongsawat, Akkarapol Jindajang, Sirima Nipaeng, Nawakarn Aunpomma, Dilok Molee, Lamul Puangjinda, Kanokwan Lohlamoh, Walaiporn Nuansrichay, Bandit Narawongsanont, Rawint Arunvipas, Pipat Lekcharoensuk, Porntippa |
author_sort | Suwankitwat, Nutthakarn |
collection | PubMed |
description | SIMPLE SUMMARY: Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is an economically important disease of cattle caused by LSD virus (LSDV), a member of poxviruses. It had never been found in Thailand before March 2021, but has since spread broadly to various provinces. Regional veterinarians have collected samples from the LSD cattle and submitted them for diagnosis as a part of disease surveillance during the outbreaks. Our study aimed to monitor the distribution of the outbreaks by recording the LSD cases based on clinical signs and laboratory tests up to June 2022, and characterise the causative agent virologically and genetically. Outbreak maps were created to illustrate the rapid temporal distribution of the LSD index cases in each province of Thailand. We detected two distant origins of the outbreaks. LSDV DNA was confirmed in blood, milk, and skin samples collected from sick animals by real-time PCR. LSDV was proven to be the causative virus based on serological, virological, and pathological diagnoses. By genetic analysis, the Thai LSDV is a recombinant virus derived from a vaccine strain previously appearing in China and Vietnam. Its genetic material is a mosaic hybrid genome containing the vaccine virus DNA as the backbone interspersed with DNA fragments of a field strain. ABSTRACT: The emergence of the lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) was first detected in north-eastern Thailand in March 2021. Since then, the abrupt increase of LSD cases was observed throughout the country as outbreaks have spread rapidly to 64 out of a total of 77 provinces within four months. Blood, milk, and nodular skin samples collected from affected animals have been diagnosed by real-time PCR targeting the p32 gene. LSDV was isolated by primary lamb testis (PLT) cells, followed by Madin-Darby bovine kidney (MDBK) cells, and confirmed by immunoperoxidase monolayer assay (IPMA). Histopathology and immunohistochemistry (IHC) of a skin lesion showed inclusion bodies in keratinocytes and skin epithelial cells. Phylogenetic analyses of RPO30 and GPCR genes, and the whole genome revealed that Thai viruses were closely related to the vaccine-derived recombinant LSDV strains found previously in China and Vietnam. Recombination analysis confirmed that the Thai LSDV possesses a mosaic hybrid genome containing the vaccine virus DNA as the backbone and a field strain DNA as the minor donor. This is an inclusive report on the disease distributions, complete diagnoses, and genetic characterisation of LSDV during the first wave of LSD outbreaks in Thailand. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9609959 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-96099592022-10-28 Rapid Spread and Genetic Characterisation of a Recently Emerged Recombinant Lumpy Skin Disease Virus in Thailand Suwankitwat, Nutthakarn Songkasupa, Tapanut Boonpornprasert, Prakit Sripipattanakul, Phurida Theerawatanasirikul, Sirin Deemagarn, Taweewat Suwannaboon, Minta Arjkumpa, Orapun Buamithup, Noppawan Hongsawat, Akkarapol Jindajang, Sirima Nipaeng, Nawakarn Aunpomma, Dilok Molee, Lamul Puangjinda, Kanokwan Lohlamoh, Walaiporn Nuansrichay, Bandit Narawongsanont, Rawint Arunvipas, Pipat Lekcharoensuk, Porntippa Vet Sci Article SIMPLE SUMMARY: Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is an economically important disease of cattle caused by LSD virus (LSDV), a member of poxviruses. It had never been found in Thailand before March 2021, but has since spread broadly to various provinces. Regional veterinarians have collected samples from the LSD cattle and submitted them for diagnosis as a part of disease surveillance during the outbreaks. Our study aimed to monitor the distribution of the outbreaks by recording the LSD cases based on clinical signs and laboratory tests up to June 2022, and characterise the causative agent virologically and genetically. Outbreak maps were created to illustrate the rapid temporal distribution of the LSD index cases in each province of Thailand. We detected two distant origins of the outbreaks. LSDV DNA was confirmed in blood, milk, and skin samples collected from sick animals by real-time PCR. LSDV was proven to be the causative virus based on serological, virological, and pathological diagnoses. By genetic analysis, the Thai LSDV is a recombinant virus derived from a vaccine strain previously appearing in China and Vietnam. Its genetic material is a mosaic hybrid genome containing the vaccine virus DNA as the backbone interspersed with DNA fragments of a field strain. ABSTRACT: The emergence of the lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) was first detected in north-eastern Thailand in March 2021. Since then, the abrupt increase of LSD cases was observed throughout the country as outbreaks have spread rapidly to 64 out of a total of 77 provinces within four months. Blood, milk, and nodular skin samples collected from affected animals have been diagnosed by real-time PCR targeting the p32 gene. LSDV was isolated by primary lamb testis (PLT) cells, followed by Madin-Darby bovine kidney (MDBK) cells, and confirmed by immunoperoxidase monolayer assay (IPMA). Histopathology and immunohistochemistry (IHC) of a skin lesion showed inclusion bodies in keratinocytes and skin epithelial cells. Phylogenetic analyses of RPO30 and GPCR genes, and the whole genome revealed that Thai viruses were closely related to the vaccine-derived recombinant LSDV strains found previously in China and Vietnam. Recombination analysis confirmed that the Thai LSDV possesses a mosaic hybrid genome containing the vaccine virus DNA as the backbone and a field strain DNA as the minor donor. This is an inclusive report on the disease distributions, complete diagnoses, and genetic characterisation of LSDV during the first wave of LSD outbreaks in Thailand. MDPI 2022-09-30 /pmc/articles/PMC9609959/ /pubmed/36288155 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vetsci9100542 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Suwankitwat, Nutthakarn Songkasupa, Tapanut Boonpornprasert, Prakit Sripipattanakul, Phurida Theerawatanasirikul, Sirin Deemagarn, Taweewat Suwannaboon, Minta Arjkumpa, Orapun Buamithup, Noppawan Hongsawat, Akkarapol Jindajang, Sirima Nipaeng, Nawakarn Aunpomma, Dilok Molee, Lamul Puangjinda, Kanokwan Lohlamoh, Walaiporn Nuansrichay, Bandit Narawongsanont, Rawint Arunvipas, Pipat Lekcharoensuk, Porntippa Rapid Spread and Genetic Characterisation of a Recently Emerged Recombinant Lumpy Skin Disease Virus in Thailand |
title | Rapid Spread and Genetic Characterisation of a Recently Emerged Recombinant Lumpy Skin Disease Virus in Thailand |
title_full | Rapid Spread and Genetic Characterisation of a Recently Emerged Recombinant Lumpy Skin Disease Virus in Thailand |
title_fullStr | Rapid Spread and Genetic Characterisation of a Recently Emerged Recombinant Lumpy Skin Disease Virus in Thailand |
title_full_unstemmed | Rapid Spread and Genetic Characterisation of a Recently Emerged Recombinant Lumpy Skin Disease Virus in Thailand |
title_short | Rapid Spread and Genetic Characterisation of a Recently Emerged Recombinant Lumpy Skin Disease Virus in Thailand |
title_sort | rapid spread and genetic characterisation of a recently emerged recombinant lumpy skin disease virus in thailand |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9609959/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36288155 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vetsci9100542 |
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