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Combining Four Gaussian Lasers Using Silicon Nitride MMI Slot Waveguide Structure
Transceivers that function under a high-speed rate (over 200 Gb/s) need to have more optical power ability to overcome the power losses which is a reason for using a larger RF line connected to a Mach–Zehnder modulator for obtaining high data bitrate communication. One option to solve this problem i...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9610199/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36296033 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13101680 |
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author | Katash, Netanel Khateeb, Salman Malka, Dror |
author_facet | Katash, Netanel Khateeb, Salman Malka, Dror |
author_sort | Katash, Netanel |
collection | PubMed |
description | Transceivers that function under a high-speed rate (over 200 Gb/s) need to have more optical power ability to overcome the power losses which is a reason for using a larger RF line connected to a Mach–Zehnder modulator for obtaining high data bitrate communication. One option to solve this problem is to use a complex laser with a power of over 100 milliwatts. However, this option can be complicated for a photonic chip circuit due to the high cost and nonlinear effects, which can increase the system noise. Therefore, we propose a better solution to increase the power level using a 4 × 1 power combiner which is based on multimode interference (MMI) using a silicon nitride (Si(3)N(4)) slot waveguide structure. The combiner was solved using the full-vectorial beam propagation method (FV-BPM), and the key parameters were analyzed using Matlab script codes. Results show that the combiner can function well over the O-band spectrum with high combiner efficiency of at least 98.2% after a short light coupling propagation of 28.78 μm. This new study shows how it is possible to obtain a transverse electric mode solution for four Gaussian coherent sources using Si(3)N(4) slot waveguide technology. Furthermore, the back reflection (BR) was solved using a finite difference time-domain method, and the result shows a low BR of 40.15 dB. This new technology can be utilized for combining multiple coherent sources that work with a photonic chip at the O-band range. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9610199 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-96101992022-10-28 Combining Four Gaussian Lasers Using Silicon Nitride MMI Slot Waveguide Structure Katash, Netanel Khateeb, Salman Malka, Dror Micromachines (Basel) Article Transceivers that function under a high-speed rate (over 200 Gb/s) need to have more optical power ability to overcome the power losses which is a reason for using a larger RF line connected to a Mach–Zehnder modulator for obtaining high data bitrate communication. One option to solve this problem is to use a complex laser with a power of over 100 milliwatts. However, this option can be complicated for a photonic chip circuit due to the high cost and nonlinear effects, which can increase the system noise. Therefore, we propose a better solution to increase the power level using a 4 × 1 power combiner which is based on multimode interference (MMI) using a silicon nitride (Si(3)N(4)) slot waveguide structure. The combiner was solved using the full-vectorial beam propagation method (FV-BPM), and the key parameters were analyzed using Matlab script codes. Results show that the combiner can function well over the O-band spectrum with high combiner efficiency of at least 98.2% after a short light coupling propagation of 28.78 μm. This new study shows how it is possible to obtain a transverse electric mode solution for four Gaussian coherent sources using Si(3)N(4) slot waveguide technology. Furthermore, the back reflection (BR) was solved using a finite difference time-domain method, and the result shows a low BR of 40.15 dB. This new technology can be utilized for combining multiple coherent sources that work with a photonic chip at the O-band range. MDPI 2022-10-06 /pmc/articles/PMC9610199/ /pubmed/36296033 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13101680 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Katash, Netanel Khateeb, Salman Malka, Dror Combining Four Gaussian Lasers Using Silicon Nitride MMI Slot Waveguide Structure |
title | Combining Four Gaussian Lasers Using Silicon Nitride MMI Slot Waveguide Structure |
title_full | Combining Four Gaussian Lasers Using Silicon Nitride MMI Slot Waveguide Structure |
title_fullStr | Combining Four Gaussian Lasers Using Silicon Nitride MMI Slot Waveguide Structure |
title_full_unstemmed | Combining Four Gaussian Lasers Using Silicon Nitride MMI Slot Waveguide Structure |
title_short | Combining Four Gaussian Lasers Using Silicon Nitride MMI Slot Waveguide Structure |
title_sort | combining four gaussian lasers using silicon nitride mmi slot waveguide structure |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9610199/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36296033 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13101680 |
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