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Failure Prediction and Surface Characterization of GFRP Laminates: A Study of Stepwise Loading

The present study explores the failure and surface characteristics of Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polymers (GFRP). Stepwise loading was applied in this study to understand the multi-static loading effect on the laminates before final failure. The loading was set three times to reach 10 kN with loading–un...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Muflikhun, Muhammad Akhsin, Fiedler, Bodo
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9610540/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36297900
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14204322
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author Muflikhun, Muhammad Akhsin
Fiedler, Bodo
author_facet Muflikhun, Muhammad Akhsin
Fiedler, Bodo
author_sort Muflikhun, Muhammad Akhsin
collection PubMed
description The present study explores the failure and surface characteristics of Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polymers (GFRP). Stepwise loading was applied in this study to understand the multi-static loading effect on the laminates before final failure. The loading was set three times to reach 10 kN with loading–unloading movement before final load until failure. The results showed that the angle of the GFRP UD laminates’ position significantly impacts the system’s failure. The results were analyzed using theoretical calculation experiment analysis, and then the failure sample was identified using ASTM D3039 standard failure. The laminates with 0° layer on edge ([0/90](S) laminates) underwent preliminary failure before final failure. The mechanism of stepwise loading can be used to detect the effect of preliminary failure on the laminates. The [0/90](S) laminates are subjected to stress concentration on the edge due to fiber alignment and discontinued fibers in the 0-degree direction. This fiber then fails due to debonding between the fiber and the matrix. The laminates’ strength showed that [90/0](S) specimens have an average higher strength with 334.45 MPa than the [0/90](S) laminates with 227.8 MPa. For surface roughness, the value of Ra increases more than six times in the 0° direction and three times in the 90° direction. Moreover, shore D hardness showed that the hardness was decreased from 85.6 SD then decreased to 70.4 SD for [0/90](S) and 65.9 SD for [90/0](S). The matrix debonding, layer delamination and fiber breakage were reported as the failure mode behavior of the laminates.
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spelling pubmed-96105402022-10-28 Failure Prediction and Surface Characterization of GFRP Laminates: A Study of Stepwise Loading Muflikhun, Muhammad Akhsin Fiedler, Bodo Polymers (Basel) Article The present study explores the failure and surface characteristics of Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polymers (GFRP). Stepwise loading was applied in this study to understand the multi-static loading effect on the laminates before final failure. The loading was set three times to reach 10 kN with loading–unloading movement before final load until failure. The results showed that the angle of the GFRP UD laminates’ position significantly impacts the system’s failure. The results were analyzed using theoretical calculation experiment analysis, and then the failure sample was identified using ASTM D3039 standard failure. The laminates with 0° layer on edge ([0/90](S) laminates) underwent preliminary failure before final failure. The mechanism of stepwise loading can be used to detect the effect of preliminary failure on the laminates. The [0/90](S) laminates are subjected to stress concentration on the edge due to fiber alignment and discontinued fibers in the 0-degree direction. This fiber then fails due to debonding between the fiber and the matrix. The laminates’ strength showed that [90/0](S) specimens have an average higher strength with 334.45 MPa than the [0/90](S) laminates with 227.8 MPa. For surface roughness, the value of Ra increases more than six times in the 0° direction and three times in the 90° direction. Moreover, shore D hardness showed that the hardness was decreased from 85.6 SD then decreased to 70.4 SD for [0/90](S) and 65.9 SD for [90/0](S). The matrix debonding, layer delamination and fiber breakage were reported as the failure mode behavior of the laminates. MDPI 2022-10-14 /pmc/articles/PMC9610540/ /pubmed/36297900 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14204322 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Muflikhun, Muhammad Akhsin
Fiedler, Bodo
Failure Prediction and Surface Characterization of GFRP Laminates: A Study of Stepwise Loading
title Failure Prediction and Surface Characterization of GFRP Laminates: A Study of Stepwise Loading
title_full Failure Prediction and Surface Characterization of GFRP Laminates: A Study of Stepwise Loading
title_fullStr Failure Prediction and Surface Characterization of GFRP Laminates: A Study of Stepwise Loading
title_full_unstemmed Failure Prediction and Surface Characterization of GFRP Laminates: A Study of Stepwise Loading
title_short Failure Prediction and Surface Characterization of GFRP Laminates: A Study of Stepwise Loading
title_sort failure prediction and surface characterization of gfrp laminates: a study of stepwise loading
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9610540/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36297900
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14204322
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