Functionalized Ultrasmall Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for T(1)-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Tumor Hypoxia

Hypoxia is a common biological condition in many malignant solid tumors that plays an imperative role in regulating tumor growth and impacting the treatment’s therapeutic effect. Therefore, the hypoxia assessment is of great significance in predicting tumor development and evaluating its prognosis. Among the plenty of existing tumor diagnosis techniques, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) offers certain distinctive features, such as being free of ionizing radiation and providing images with a high spatial resolution. In this study, we develop a fluorescent traceable and hypoxia-sensitive T(1)-weighted MRI probe (Fe(3)O(4)-Met-Cy5.5) via conjugating notable hypoxia-sensitive metronidazole moiety and Cy5.5 dye with ultrasmall iron oxide (Fe(3)O(4)) nanoparticles. The results of in vitro and in vivo experiments show that Fe(3)O(4)-Met-Cy5.5 has excellent performance in relaxivity, biocompatibility, and hypoxia specificity. More importantly, the obvious signal enhancement in hypoxic areas indicates that the probe has great feasibility for sensing tumor hypoxia via T(1)-weighted MRI. These promising results may unlock the potential of Fe(3)O(4) nanoparticles as T(1)-weighted contrast agents for the development of clinical hypoxia probes.