The Complexity of Comparative Adsorption of C(6) Hydrocarbons (Benzene, Cyclohexane, n-Hexane) at Metal–Organic Frameworks

The relatively stable MOFs Alfum, MIL-160, DUT-4, DUT-5, MIL-53-TDC, MIL-53, UiO-66, UiO-66-NH(2), UiO-66(F)(4), UiO-67, DUT-67, NH(2)-MIL-125, MIL-125, MIL-101(Cr), ZIF-8, ZIF-11 and ZIF-7 were studied for their C(6) sorption properties. An understanding of the uptake of the larger C(6) molecules cannot simply be achieved with surface area and pore volume (from N(2) sorption) but involves the complex micropore structure of the MOF. The maximum adsorption capacity at p p(0)(−1) = 0.9 was shown by DUT-4 for benzene, MIL-101(Cr) for cyclohexane and DUT-5 for n-hexane. In the low-pressure range from p p(0)(−1) = 0.1 down to 0.05 the highest benzene uptake is given by DUT-5, DUT-67/UiO-67 and MIL-101(Cr), for cyclohexane and n-hexane by DUT-5, UiO-67 and MIL-101(Cr). The highest uptake capacity at p p(0)(−1) = 0.02 was seen with MIL-53 for benzene, MIL-125 for cyclohexane and DUT-5 for n-hexane. DUT-5 and MIL-101(Cr) are the MOFs with the widest pore window openings/cross sections but the low-pressure uptake seems to be controlled by a complex combination of ligand and pore-size effect. IAST selectivities between the three binary mixtures show a finely tuned and difficult to predict interplay of pore window size with (critical) adsorptive size and possibly a role of electrostatics through functional groups such as NH(2).