The Association between Admission Procalcitonin Level and The Severity of COVID-19 Pneumonia: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Background and Objectives: An elevated procalcitonin level has classically been linked to bacterial infections. Data on the association between elevated procalcitonin and the outcome of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are conflicting. Some linked it to associated bacterial co-infections, while o...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Aon, Mohamed, Alsaeedi, Abdullah, Alzafiri, Azeez, Ibrahim, Mohamed M., Al-Shammari, Abdelrahman, Al-Shammari, Omar, Tawakul, Mahmoud, Taha, Sherif, Alherz, Naser, Alshammari, Jarrah, Albazee, Ebraheem, Alharbi, Teflah, Alshammari, Duaa, Alenezi, Zaid, Alenezi, Monerah, Aldouseri, Salem, Eyadah, Meshari, Aldhafeeri, Mariam, Aoun, Ahmed H.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Article
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9611309/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36295550
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina58101389
Descripción
Sumario:Background and Objectives: An elevated procalcitonin level has classically been linked to bacterial infections. Data on the association between elevated procalcitonin and the outcome of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are conflicting. Some linked it to associated bacterial co-infections, while others correlated the elevation with disease severity without coexisting bacterial infections. We aimed to investigate the association between high procalcitonin and the severity of COVID-19. Materials and Methods: Hospitalized patients with confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia were divided into two groups: the normal-procalcitonin group and the high-procalcitonin group (>0.05 ng/mL). Patients with concomitant bacterial infections on admission were excluded. The primary outcomes were the need for intensive care unit (ICU) admission, progression to invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV), and in-hospital 28-day mortality. Results: We included 260 patients in the normal procalcitonin group and 397 patients in the high procalcitonin group. The mean age was 55 years and 49% were females. A higher number of patients in the elevated procalcitonin group required ICU admission (32.7% vs. 16.2%, p < 0.001) and IMV (27.2% vs. 13.5%, p < 0.001). In-hospital mortality was significantly higher in the elevated procalcitonin group (18.9% vs. 8.5%, p < 0.001). After adjusting for other covariates, procalcitonin > 0.05 ng/mL was an independent predictor of progression to IMV (OR, 1.71; 95% CI, 1.08–2.71; p = 0.022), ICU admission (OR, 1.73; 95% CI, 1.13–2.66; p = 0.011), and in-hospital mortality (OR, 1.99; 95% CI, 1.14–3.47; p = 0.015). An elevated procalcitonin level was the strongest predictor of in-hospital mortality. Conclusions: Measurement of procalcitonin can have a prognostic role among COVID-19 patients. The admission procalcitonin level can identify patients at risk of ICU admission, progression to IMV, and in-hospital mortality.

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