Study for Recycling Water Treatment Membranes and Compnents towards a Circular Economy—Case of Macaronesia Area

Desalination is an opportunity to get fresh water for irrigation and for drinking. Reverse Osmosis (RO) for sea water desalination is a solution for the high demand for water in Atlantic islands. The most efficient process to get desalinated water is RO; however, it is necessary to study what to do with the RO membranes used at the end of their life. This paper confirms the possibility to recycle them. The main categories of recycling by thermal processing commonly used in the industry include incineration and pyrolysis to produce energy, gas and fuel. These processes can be applied to mixed plastic waste, such as the combination of materials used in the manufacture of RO membranes. Recycling RO elements from desalination plants is shown to be an opportunity and pioneering initiatives are already underway in Europe. Energy recovery, via incineration, is feasible nowadays and it is a possibility to recycle RO membranes. On the other hand, the recycling of RO elements, via the pyrolytic industry, for fuel production could be centralized in a new industry already planned in the Macaronesia area and all obsolete osmosis membranes could be sent there for recycling. Recycling RO membranes is a very important opportunity for the environment and economy of the zone. This is a new business in water treatments with membranes, very interesting for decreasing the residues and the carbon footprint. The importance of this work is applied to sea water membranes, brackish water ones, and also wastewater tertiaries RO elements at the end of their life.