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Resistance and Susceptibility Immune Factors at Play during Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection of Macrophages
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb), is responsible for >1.5 million deaths worldwide annually. Innate immune cells, especially macrophages, are the first to encounter M.tb, and their response dictates the course of infection. During infection, macrophage...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9611686/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36297211 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11101153 |
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author | Simper, Jan D. Perez, Esteban Schlesinger, Larry S. Azad, Abul K. |
author_facet | Simper, Jan D. Perez, Esteban Schlesinger, Larry S. Azad, Abul K. |
author_sort | Simper, Jan D. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Tuberculosis (TB), caused by infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb), is responsible for >1.5 million deaths worldwide annually. Innate immune cells, especially macrophages, are the first to encounter M.tb, and their response dictates the course of infection. During infection, macrophages exert a variety of immune factors involved in either controlling or promoting the growth of M.tb. Research on this topic has been performed in both in vitro and in vivo animal models with discrepant results in some cases based on the model of study. Herein, we review macrophage resistance and susceptibility immune factors, focusing primarily on recent advances in the field. We include macrophage cellular pathways, bioeffector proteins and molecules, cytokines and chemokines, associated microbiological factors and bacterial strains, and host genetic factors in innate immune genes. Recent advances in mechanisms underlying macrophage resistance and susceptibility factors will aid in the successful development of host-directed therapeutics, a topic emphasized throughout this review. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9611686 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-96116862022-10-28 Resistance and Susceptibility Immune Factors at Play during Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection of Macrophages Simper, Jan D. Perez, Esteban Schlesinger, Larry S. Azad, Abul K. Pathogens Review Tuberculosis (TB), caused by infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb), is responsible for >1.5 million deaths worldwide annually. Innate immune cells, especially macrophages, are the first to encounter M.tb, and their response dictates the course of infection. During infection, macrophages exert a variety of immune factors involved in either controlling or promoting the growth of M.tb. Research on this topic has been performed in both in vitro and in vivo animal models with discrepant results in some cases based on the model of study. Herein, we review macrophage resistance and susceptibility immune factors, focusing primarily on recent advances in the field. We include macrophage cellular pathways, bioeffector proteins and molecules, cytokines and chemokines, associated microbiological factors and bacterial strains, and host genetic factors in innate immune genes. Recent advances in mechanisms underlying macrophage resistance and susceptibility factors will aid in the successful development of host-directed therapeutics, a topic emphasized throughout this review. MDPI 2022-10-06 /pmc/articles/PMC9611686/ /pubmed/36297211 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11101153 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Simper, Jan D. Perez, Esteban Schlesinger, Larry S. Azad, Abul K. Resistance and Susceptibility Immune Factors at Play during Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection of Macrophages |
title | Resistance and Susceptibility Immune Factors at Play during Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection of Macrophages |
title_full | Resistance and Susceptibility Immune Factors at Play during Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection of Macrophages |
title_fullStr | Resistance and Susceptibility Immune Factors at Play during Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection of Macrophages |
title_full_unstemmed | Resistance and Susceptibility Immune Factors at Play during Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection of Macrophages |
title_short | Resistance and Susceptibility Immune Factors at Play during Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection of Macrophages |
title_sort | resistance and susceptibility immune factors at play during mycobacterium tuberculosis infection of macrophages |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9611686/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36297211 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11101153 |
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