Alternative Healthy Eating Index-2010 and Incident Non-Communicable Diseases: Findings from a 15-Year Follow Up of Women from the 1973–78 Cohort of the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women’s Health

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and multimorbidity (≥two chronic conditions), are increasing globally. Diet is a risk factor for some NCDs. We aimed to investigate the association between diet quality (DQ) and incident NCDs. Participants were from the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women’s Health 1973–78 cohort with no NCD and completed dietary data at survey 3 (2003, aged 25–30 years) who responded to at least one survey between survey 4 (2006) and survey 8 (2018). DQ was measured by the Alternative Healthy Eating Index-2010 (AHEI-2010). Outcomes included coronary heart disease (CHD), hypertension (HT), asthma, cancer (excluding skin cancer), diabetes mellitus (DM), depression and/or anxiety, multimorbidity, and all-cause mortality. Repeated cross-sectional multivariate logistic regressions were performed to investigate the association between baseline DQ and NCDs over 15 years. The AHEI-2010 mean (±sd) for participants (n = 8017) was 51.6 ± 11.0 (range: 19–91). There was an inverse association between AHEI-2010 and incident asthma at survey 4 (OR(Q5–Q1): 0.75, 95% CI: 0.57, 0.99). Baseline DQ did not predict the occurrence of any NCDs or multimorbidity between the ages of 25–45 years. Further well-planned, large prospective studies conducted in young women are needed to explore dietary risk factors before the establishment of NCDs.