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Immune Response after the Fourth Dose of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccine Compared to Natural Infection in Three Doses’ Vaccinated Solid Organ Transplant Recipients
Solid organ transplant recipients (SOTRs) show higher rates of COVID-19 breakthrough infection than the general population, and nowadays, vaccination is the key preventative strategy. Nonetheless, SOTRs show lower vaccine efficacy for the prevention of severe COVID-19. Moreover, the emergence of new...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9611839/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36298854 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14102299 |
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author | Busà, Rosalia Russelli, Giovanna Miele, Monica Sorrentino, Maria Concetta Di Bella, Mariangela Timoneri, Francesca Di Mento, Giuseppina Mularoni, Alessandra Vitulo, Patrizio Conaldi, Pier Giulio Bulati, Matteo |
author_facet | Busà, Rosalia Russelli, Giovanna Miele, Monica Sorrentino, Maria Concetta Di Bella, Mariangela Timoneri, Francesca Di Mento, Giuseppina Mularoni, Alessandra Vitulo, Patrizio Conaldi, Pier Giulio Bulati, Matteo |
author_sort | Busà, Rosalia |
collection | PubMed |
description | Solid organ transplant recipients (SOTRs) show higher rates of COVID-19 breakthrough infection than the general population, and nowadays, vaccination is the key preventative strategy. Nonetheless, SOTRs show lower vaccine efficacy for the prevention of severe COVID-19. Moreover, the emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern has highlighted the need to improve vaccine-induced immune responses by the administration of repeated booster doses. In this study, we analyzed the humoral and cellular responses in a cohort of 25 SOTRs, including 15 never-infected SOTRs who received the fourth dose of the mRNA vaccine and 10 SOTRs who contracted SARS-CoV-2 infection after the third dose. We analyzed the serum IgG and IgA levels through CLIA or ELISA, respectively, and the Spike-specific T cells by ELISpot assay. We report a significant increase in anti-Spike IgG and no differences in IgA secretion in both groups of patients before and after the booster dose or the natural infection. Still, we show higher IgA levels in recovered SOTRs compared to the fourth dose recipients. Conversely, we show the maintenance of a positive Spike-specific T-cell response in SOTRs who received the fourth dose, which, instead, was significantly increased in SOTRs who contracted the infection. Our results suggest that the booster, either through the fourth dose or natural infection, in vulnerable poor responder SOTRs, improves both humoral and cellular-specific immune responses against SARS-CoV-2. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9611839 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-96118392022-10-28 Immune Response after the Fourth Dose of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccine Compared to Natural Infection in Three Doses’ Vaccinated Solid Organ Transplant Recipients Busà, Rosalia Russelli, Giovanna Miele, Monica Sorrentino, Maria Concetta Di Bella, Mariangela Timoneri, Francesca Di Mento, Giuseppina Mularoni, Alessandra Vitulo, Patrizio Conaldi, Pier Giulio Bulati, Matteo Viruses Article Solid organ transplant recipients (SOTRs) show higher rates of COVID-19 breakthrough infection than the general population, and nowadays, vaccination is the key preventative strategy. Nonetheless, SOTRs show lower vaccine efficacy for the prevention of severe COVID-19. Moreover, the emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern has highlighted the need to improve vaccine-induced immune responses by the administration of repeated booster doses. In this study, we analyzed the humoral and cellular responses in a cohort of 25 SOTRs, including 15 never-infected SOTRs who received the fourth dose of the mRNA vaccine and 10 SOTRs who contracted SARS-CoV-2 infection after the third dose. We analyzed the serum IgG and IgA levels through CLIA or ELISA, respectively, and the Spike-specific T cells by ELISpot assay. We report a significant increase in anti-Spike IgG and no differences in IgA secretion in both groups of patients before and after the booster dose or the natural infection. Still, we show higher IgA levels in recovered SOTRs compared to the fourth dose recipients. Conversely, we show the maintenance of a positive Spike-specific T-cell response in SOTRs who received the fourth dose, which, instead, was significantly increased in SOTRs who contracted the infection. Our results suggest that the booster, either through the fourth dose or natural infection, in vulnerable poor responder SOTRs, improves both humoral and cellular-specific immune responses against SARS-CoV-2. MDPI 2022-10-19 /pmc/articles/PMC9611839/ /pubmed/36298854 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14102299 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Busà, Rosalia Russelli, Giovanna Miele, Monica Sorrentino, Maria Concetta Di Bella, Mariangela Timoneri, Francesca Di Mento, Giuseppina Mularoni, Alessandra Vitulo, Patrizio Conaldi, Pier Giulio Bulati, Matteo Immune Response after the Fourth Dose of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccine Compared to Natural Infection in Three Doses’ Vaccinated Solid Organ Transplant Recipients |
title | Immune Response after the Fourth Dose of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccine Compared to Natural Infection in Three Doses’ Vaccinated Solid Organ Transplant Recipients |
title_full | Immune Response after the Fourth Dose of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccine Compared to Natural Infection in Three Doses’ Vaccinated Solid Organ Transplant Recipients |
title_fullStr | Immune Response after the Fourth Dose of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccine Compared to Natural Infection in Three Doses’ Vaccinated Solid Organ Transplant Recipients |
title_full_unstemmed | Immune Response after the Fourth Dose of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccine Compared to Natural Infection in Three Doses’ Vaccinated Solid Organ Transplant Recipients |
title_short | Immune Response after the Fourth Dose of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccine Compared to Natural Infection in Three Doses’ Vaccinated Solid Organ Transplant Recipients |
title_sort | immune response after the fourth dose of sars-cov-2 mrna vaccine compared to natural infection in three doses’ vaccinated solid organ transplant recipients |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9611839/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36298854 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14102299 |
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