Towards an Innovative Sensor in Smart Capsule for Aerial Drones for Blood and Blood Component Delivery

Aerial drone technology is currently being investigated worldwide for the delivery of blood components. Although it has been demonstrated to be safe, the delivered medical substances still need to be analyzed at the end of the flight mission to assess the level of haemolysis and pH prior to the use in a patient. This process can last up to 30 min and prevent the time saved using drone delivery. Our study aims to integrating an innovative sensor for the haemolysis and pH detection into the Smart Capsule, an already demonstrated technology capable of managing transfusion transport through drones. In the proposed scenario, the haemolysis is evaluated optically by a minilysis device using LED–photodetector combination. The preliminary validation has been demonstrated for both the thermal stability of the Smart Capsule and the haemolysis detection of the minilysis device prototype. Firstly, the onboard temperature test has shown that the delivery system is capable of maintaining proper temperature, even though the samples have been manipulated to reach a higher temperature before inserting into the Smart Capsule. Then, in the laboratory haemolysis test, the trend of linear regression between the outputs from the spectrophotometer and the minilysis prototype confirmed the concept design of the minilysis device.