Appropriate Antibiotic Selection during the in-hospital Waiting Period for Surgery for Appendicitis

OBJECTIVES: Acute appendicitis is a common disease that often requires emergency surgery. However, recently, not all cases are treated as an urgent operation, but surgery may be delayed to when medical resources are abundant to perform the operation safely. In such cases, preoperative antibiotics are administered during the waiting period. Though the choice is empiric, an appropriate choice is needed to avoid emergency surgery. Guidelines for the choice of antibiotics recognized as international standards cannot be applied in Asia due to the high rate of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producers or fluoroquinolone-resistant Escherichia coli. The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal antibiotic during the in-hospital waiting period for patients with appendicitis scheduled for surgery. METHODS: Bacterial culture results and antibiotic susceptibility were retrospectively examined in 106 cases who underwent surgery for appendicitis. RESULTS: Bacterial cultures were positive in 53 cases (50%). Twenty-six strains of E. coli were identified. Of these, four (15%) were ESBL producers, and seven (27%) were fluoroquinolone resistant. Twenty-two strains of anaerobic bacteria were identified. Carbapenems and tazobactam/piperacillin were effective for all. The rates of susceptibility to clindamycin (CLDM) and cefmetazole (CMZ) were 59% and 82%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: In Japan, from the point of view of reducing carbapenem use, CMZ must be considered a first-choice drug during the in-hospital waiting period for appendectomy.