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The Astounding World of Glycans from Giant Viruses
[Image: see text] Viruses are a heterogeneous ensemble of entities, all sharing the need for a suitable host to replicate. They are extremely diverse, varying in morphology, size, nature, and complexity of their genomic content. Typically, viruses use host-encoded glycosyltransferases and glycosidas...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
American Chemical Society
2022
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9614988/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35820164 http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00118 |
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author | Speciale, Immacolata Notaro, Anna Abergel, Chantal Lanzetta, Rosa Lowary, Todd L. Molinaro, Antonio Tonetti, Michela Van Etten, James L. De Castro, Cristina |
author_facet | Speciale, Immacolata Notaro, Anna Abergel, Chantal Lanzetta, Rosa Lowary, Todd L. Molinaro, Antonio Tonetti, Michela Van Etten, James L. De Castro, Cristina |
author_sort | Speciale, Immacolata |
collection | PubMed |
description | [Image: see text] Viruses are a heterogeneous ensemble of entities, all sharing the need for a suitable host to replicate. They are extremely diverse, varying in morphology, size, nature, and complexity of their genomic content. Typically, viruses use host-encoded glycosyltransferases and glycosidases to add and remove sugar residues from their glycoproteins. Thus, the structure of the glycans on the viral proteins have, to date, typically been considered to mimick those of the host. However, the more recently discovered large and giant viruses differ from this paradigm. At least some of these viruses code for an (almost) autonomous glycosylation pathway. These viral genes include those that encode the production of activated sugars, glycosyltransferases, and other enzymes able to manipulate sugars at various levels. This review focuses on large and giant viruses that produce carbohydrate-processing enzymes. A brief description of those harboring these features at the genomic level will be discussed, followed by the achievements reached with regard to the elucidation of the glycan structures, the activity of the proteins able to manipulate sugars, and the organic synthesis of some of these virus-encoded glycans. During this progression, we will also comment on many of the challenging questions on this subject that remain to be addressed. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9614988 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | American Chemical Society |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-96149882022-10-29 The Astounding World of Glycans from Giant Viruses Speciale, Immacolata Notaro, Anna Abergel, Chantal Lanzetta, Rosa Lowary, Todd L. Molinaro, Antonio Tonetti, Michela Van Etten, James L. De Castro, Cristina Chem Rev [Image: see text] Viruses are a heterogeneous ensemble of entities, all sharing the need for a suitable host to replicate. They are extremely diverse, varying in morphology, size, nature, and complexity of their genomic content. Typically, viruses use host-encoded glycosyltransferases and glycosidases to add and remove sugar residues from their glycoproteins. Thus, the structure of the glycans on the viral proteins have, to date, typically been considered to mimick those of the host. However, the more recently discovered large and giant viruses differ from this paradigm. At least some of these viruses code for an (almost) autonomous glycosylation pathway. These viral genes include those that encode the production of activated sugars, glycosyltransferases, and other enzymes able to manipulate sugars at various levels. This review focuses on large and giant viruses that produce carbohydrate-processing enzymes. A brief description of those harboring these features at the genomic level will be discussed, followed by the achievements reached with regard to the elucidation of the glycan structures, the activity of the proteins able to manipulate sugars, and the organic synthesis of some of these virus-encoded glycans. During this progression, we will also comment on many of the challenging questions on this subject that remain to be addressed. American Chemical Society 2022-07-12 2022-10-26 /pmc/articles/PMC9614988/ /pubmed/35820164 http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00118 Text en © 2022 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Permits the broadest form of re-use including for commercial purposes, provided that author attribution and integrity are maintained (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Speciale, Immacolata Notaro, Anna Abergel, Chantal Lanzetta, Rosa Lowary, Todd L. Molinaro, Antonio Tonetti, Michela Van Etten, James L. De Castro, Cristina The Astounding World of Glycans from Giant Viruses |
title | The Astounding
World of Glycans from Giant Viruses |
title_full | The Astounding
World of Glycans from Giant Viruses |
title_fullStr | The Astounding
World of Glycans from Giant Viruses |
title_full_unstemmed | The Astounding
World of Glycans from Giant Viruses |
title_short | The Astounding
World of Glycans from Giant Viruses |
title_sort | astounding
world of glycans from giant viruses |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9614988/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35820164 http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00118 |
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