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The homogenization of avian morphological and phylogenetic diversity under the global extinction crisis
Biodiversity is facing a global extinction crisis that will reduce ecological trait diversity, evolutionary history, and ultimately ecosystem functioning and services.1, 2, 3, 4 A key challenge is understanding how species losses will impact morphological and phylogenetic diversity at global scales....
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Cell Press
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9616725/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35868322 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2022.06.018 |
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author | Hughes, Emma C. Edwards, David P. Thomas, Gavin H. |
author_facet | Hughes, Emma C. Edwards, David P. Thomas, Gavin H. |
author_sort | Hughes, Emma C. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Biodiversity is facing a global extinction crisis that will reduce ecological trait diversity, evolutionary history, and ultimately ecosystem functioning and services.1, 2, 3, 4 A key challenge is understanding how species losses will impact morphological and phylogenetic diversity at global scales.(5)(,)(6) Here, we test whether the loss of species threatened with extinction according to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) leads to morphological and phylogenetic homogenization(7)(,)(8) across both the whole avian class and within each biome and ecoregion globally. We use a comprehensive set of continuous morphological traits extracted from museum collections of 8,455 bird species, including geometric morphometric beak shape data,(9) and sequentially remove species from those at most to least threat of extinction. We find evidence of morphological, but not phylogenetic, homogenization across the avian class, with species becoming more alike in terms of their morphology. We find that most biome and ecoregions are expected to lose morphological diversity at a greater rate than predicted by species loss alone, with the most imperiled regions found in East Asia and the Himalayan uplands and foothills. Only a small proportion of assemblages are threatened with phylogenetic homogenization, in particular parts of Indochina. Species extinctions will lead to a major loss of avian ecological strategies, but not a comparable loss of phylogenetic diversity. As the decline of species with unique traits and their replacement with more widespread generalist species continues, the protection of assemblages at most risk of morphological and phylogenetic homogenization should be a key conservation priority. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9616725 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Cell Press |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-96167252022-10-31 The homogenization of avian morphological and phylogenetic diversity under the global extinction crisis Hughes, Emma C. Edwards, David P. Thomas, Gavin H. Curr Biol Report Biodiversity is facing a global extinction crisis that will reduce ecological trait diversity, evolutionary history, and ultimately ecosystem functioning and services.1, 2, 3, 4 A key challenge is understanding how species losses will impact morphological and phylogenetic diversity at global scales.(5)(,)(6) Here, we test whether the loss of species threatened with extinction according to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) leads to morphological and phylogenetic homogenization(7)(,)(8) across both the whole avian class and within each biome and ecoregion globally. We use a comprehensive set of continuous morphological traits extracted from museum collections of 8,455 bird species, including geometric morphometric beak shape data,(9) and sequentially remove species from those at most to least threat of extinction. We find evidence of morphological, but not phylogenetic, homogenization across the avian class, with species becoming more alike in terms of their morphology. We find that most biome and ecoregions are expected to lose morphological diversity at a greater rate than predicted by species loss alone, with the most imperiled regions found in East Asia and the Himalayan uplands and foothills. Only a small proportion of assemblages are threatened with phylogenetic homogenization, in particular parts of Indochina. Species extinctions will lead to a major loss of avian ecological strategies, but not a comparable loss of phylogenetic diversity. As the decline of species with unique traits and their replacement with more widespread generalist species continues, the protection of assemblages at most risk of morphological and phylogenetic homogenization should be a key conservation priority. Cell Press 2022-09-12 /pmc/articles/PMC9616725/ /pubmed/35868322 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2022.06.018 Text en © 2022 The Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Report Hughes, Emma C. Edwards, David P. Thomas, Gavin H. The homogenization of avian morphological and phylogenetic diversity under the global extinction crisis |
title | The homogenization of avian morphological and phylogenetic diversity under the global extinction crisis |
title_full | The homogenization of avian morphological and phylogenetic diversity under the global extinction crisis |
title_fullStr | The homogenization of avian morphological and phylogenetic diversity under the global extinction crisis |
title_full_unstemmed | The homogenization of avian morphological and phylogenetic diversity under the global extinction crisis |
title_short | The homogenization of avian morphological and phylogenetic diversity under the global extinction crisis |
title_sort | homogenization of avian morphological and phylogenetic diversity under the global extinction crisis |
topic | Report |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9616725/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35868322 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2022.06.018 |
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