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MicroRNAs in extracellular vesicles: Sorting mechanisms, diagnostic value, isolation, and detection technology

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of short, single-stranded, noncoding RNAs, with a length of about 18–22 nucleotides. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are derived from cells and play a vital role in the development of diseases and can be used as biomarkers for liquid biopsy, as they are the carriers of mi...

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Autores principales: Xu, Dongjie, Di, Kaili, Fan, Boyue, Wu, Jie, Gu, Xinrui, Sun, Yifan, Khan, Adeel, Li, Peng, Li, Zhiyang
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9618890/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36324901
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2022.948959
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author Xu, Dongjie
Di, Kaili
Fan, Boyue
Wu, Jie
Gu, Xinrui
Sun, Yifan
Khan, Adeel
Li, Peng
Li, Zhiyang
author_facet Xu, Dongjie
Di, Kaili
Fan, Boyue
Wu, Jie
Gu, Xinrui
Sun, Yifan
Khan, Adeel
Li, Peng
Li, Zhiyang
author_sort Xu, Dongjie
collection PubMed
description MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of short, single-stranded, noncoding RNAs, with a length of about 18–22 nucleotides. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are derived from cells and play a vital role in the development of diseases and can be used as biomarkers for liquid biopsy, as they are the carriers of miRNA. Existing studies have found that most of the functions of miRNA are mainly realized through intercellular transmission of EVs, which can protect and sort miRNAs. Meanwhile, detection sensitivity and specificity of EV-derived miRNA are higher than those of conventional serum biomarkers. In recent years, EVs have been expected to become a new marker for liquid biopsy. This review summarizes recent progress in several aspects of EVs, including sorting mechanisms, diagnostic value, and technology for isolation of EVs and detection of EV-derived miRNAs. In addition, the study reviews challenges and future research avenues in the field of EVs, providing a basis for the application of EV-derived miRNAs as a disease marker to be used in clinical diagnosis and even for the development of point-of-care testing (POCT) platforms.
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spelling pubmed-96188902022-11-01 MicroRNAs in extracellular vesicles: Sorting mechanisms, diagnostic value, isolation, and detection technology Xu, Dongjie Di, Kaili Fan, Boyue Wu, Jie Gu, Xinrui Sun, Yifan Khan, Adeel Li, Peng Li, Zhiyang Front Bioeng Biotechnol Bioengineering and Biotechnology MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of short, single-stranded, noncoding RNAs, with a length of about 18–22 nucleotides. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are derived from cells and play a vital role in the development of diseases and can be used as biomarkers for liquid biopsy, as they are the carriers of miRNA. Existing studies have found that most of the functions of miRNA are mainly realized through intercellular transmission of EVs, which can protect and sort miRNAs. Meanwhile, detection sensitivity and specificity of EV-derived miRNA are higher than those of conventional serum biomarkers. In recent years, EVs have been expected to become a new marker for liquid biopsy. This review summarizes recent progress in several aspects of EVs, including sorting mechanisms, diagnostic value, and technology for isolation of EVs and detection of EV-derived miRNAs. In addition, the study reviews challenges and future research avenues in the field of EVs, providing a basis for the application of EV-derived miRNAs as a disease marker to be used in clinical diagnosis and even for the development of point-of-care testing (POCT) platforms. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-10-17 /pmc/articles/PMC9618890/ /pubmed/36324901 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2022.948959 Text en Copyright © 2022 Xu, Di, Fan, Wu, Gu, Sun, Khan, Li and Li. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Bioengineering and Biotechnology
Xu, Dongjie
Di, Kaili
Fan, Boyue
Wu, Jie
Gu, Xinrui
Sun, Yifan
Khan, Adeel
Li, Peng
Li, Zhiyang
MicroRNAs in extracellular vesicles: Sorting mechanisms, diagnostic value, isolation, and detection technology
title MicroRNAs in extracellular vesicles: Sorting mechanisms, diagnostic value, isolation, and detection technology
title_full MicroRNAs in extracellular vesicles: Sorting mechanisms, diagnostic value, isolation, and detection technology
title_fullStr MicroRNAs in extracellular vesicles: Sorting mechanisms, diagnostic value, isolation, and detection technology
title_full_unstemmed MicroRNAs in extracellular vesicles: Sorting mechanisms, diagnostic value, isolation, and detection technology
title_short MicroRNAs in extracellular vesicles: Sorting mechanisms, diagnostic value, isolation, and detection technology
title_sort micrornas in extracellular vesicles: sorting mechanisms, diagnostic value, isolation, and detection technology
topic Bioengineering and Biotechnology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9618890/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36324901
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2022.948959
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