Identification of CKD, bedridden history and cancer as higher-risk comorbidities and their impact on prognosis of hospitalized Omicron patients: a multi-centre cohort study

To further describe the effect of the “fragile population” and their “higher-risk” comorbidities on prognosis among hospitalized Omicron patients, this observational cohort study enrolled hospitalized patients confirmed with SARS-CoV-2 during the 2022 Omicron wave in Shanghai, China. The primary outcome was progression to severe or critical cases. The secondary outcome was viral shedding time from the first positive SARS-CoV-2 detection. A total of 847 participants were enrolled, most of whom featured as advanced age (>70 years old: 30.34%), not fully vaccinated (55.84%), combined with at least 1 comorbidity (65.41%). Multivariate cox regression suggested age >70 years old (aHR[95%CI] 0.78[0.61–0.99]), chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage 4–5 (aHR[95%CI] 0.61[0.46–0.80]), heart conditions (aHR[95%CI] 0.76[0.60–0.97]) would elongate viral shedding time and fully/booster vaccination (aHR[95%CI] 1.4 [1.14–1.72]) would shorten this duration. Multivariate logistic regression suggested CKD stage 4–5 (aHR[95%CI] 3.21[1.45–7.27]), cancer (aHR[95%CI] 9.52[4.19–22.61]), and long-term bedridden status (aHR[95%CI] 4.94[2.36–10.44]) were the “higher” risk factor compared with the elderly, heart conditions, metabolic disorders, isolated hypertension, etc. for severity while female (aHR[95%CI] 0.34[0.16–0.68]) and fully/booster Vaccination (aHR[95%CI] 0.35[0.12–0.87]) could provide protection from illness progression. CKD stage 4–5, cancer and long-term bedridden history were “higher-risk” factors among hospitalized Omicron patients for severity progression while full vaccination could provide protection from illness progression.