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Identification of the genes at S and Z reveals the molecular basis and evolution of grass self-incompatibility
Self-incompatibility (SI) is a feature of many flowering plants, whereby self-pollen is recognized and rejected by the stigma. In grasses (Poaceae), the genes controlling this phenomenon have not been fully elucidated. Grasses have a unique two-locus system, in which two independent genetic loci (S...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9623065/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36330270 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.1011299 |
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author | Herridge, Rowan McCourt, Tyler Jacobs, Jeanne M. E. Mace, Peter Brownfield, Lynette Macknight, Richard |
author_facet | Herridge, Rowan McCourt, Tyler Jacobs, Jeanne M. E. Mace, Peter Brownfield, Lynette Macknight, Richard |
author_sort | Herridge, Rowan |
collection | PubMed |
description | Self-incompatibility (SI) is a feature of many flowering plants, whereby self-pollen is recognized and rejected by the stigma. In grasses (Poaceae), the genes controlling this phenomenon have not been fully elucidated. Grasses have a unique two-locus system, in which two independent genetic loci (S and Z) control self-recognition. S and Z are thought to have arisen from an ancient duplication, common to all grasses. With new chromosome-scale genome data, we examined the genes present at S- and Z-loci, firstly in ryegrass (Lolium perenne), and subsequently in ~20 other grass species. We found that two DUF247 genes and a short unstructured protein (SP/ZP) were present at both S- and Z- in all SI species, while in self-compatible species these genes were often lost or mutated. Expression data suggested that DUF247 genes acted as the male components and SP/ZP were the female components. Consistent with their role in distinguishing self- from non-self, all genes were hypervariable, although key secondary structure features were conserved, including the predicted N-terminal cleavage site of SP/ZP. The evolutionary history of these genes was probed, revealing that specificity groups at the Z-locus arose before the advent of various grass subfamilies/species, while specificity groups at the S-locus arose after the split of Panicoideae, Chloridoideae, Oryzoideae and Pooideae. Finally, we propose a model explaining how the proteins encoded at the S and Z loci might function to specify self-incompatibility. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9623065 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-96230652022-11-02 Identification of the genes at S and Z reveals the molecular basis and evolution of grass self-incompatibility Herridge, Rowan McCourt, Tyler Jacobs, Jeanne M. E. Mace, Peter Brownfield, Lynette Macknight, Richard Front Plant Sci Plant Science Self-incompatibility (SI) is a feature of many flowering plants, whereby self-pollen is recognized and rejected by the stigma. In grasses (Poaceae), the genes controlling this phenomenon have not been fully elucidated. Grasses have a unique two-locus system, in which two independent genetic loci (S and Z) control self-recognition. S and Z are thought to have arisen from an ancient duplication, common to all grasses. With new chromosome-scale genome data, we examined the genes present at S- and Z-loci, firstly in ryegrass (Lolium perenne), and subsequently in ~20 other grass species. We found that two DUF247 genes and a short unstructured protein (SP/ZP) were present at both S- and Z- in all SI species, while in self-compatible species these genes were often lost or mutated. Expression data suggested that DUF247 genes acted as the male components and SP/ZP were the female components. Consistent with their role in distinguishing self- from non-self, all genes were hypervariable, although key secondary structure features were conserved, including the predicted N-terminal cleavage site of SP/ZP. The evolutionary history of these genes was probed, revealing that specificity groups at the Z-locus arose before the advent of various grass subfamilies/species, while specificity groups at the S-locus arose after the split of Panicoideae, Chloridoideae, Oryzoideae and Pooideae. Finally, we propose a model explaining how the proteins encoded at the S and Z loci might function to specify self-incompatibility. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-10-18 /pmc/articles/PMC9623065/ /pubmed/36330270 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.1011299 Text en Copyright © 2022 Herridge, McCourt, Jacobs, Mace, Brownfield and Macknight https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Plant Science Herridge, Rowan McCourt, Tyler Jacobs, Jeanne M. E. Mace, Peter Brownfield, Lynette Macknight, Richard Identification of the genes at S and Z reveals the molecular basis and evolution of grass self-incompatibility |
title | Identification of the genes at S and Z reveals the molecular basis and evolution of grass self-incompatibility |
title_full | Identification of the genes at S and Z reveals the molecular basis and evolution of grass self-incompatibility |
title_fullStr | Identification of the genes at S and Z reveals the molecular basis and evolution of grass self-incompatibility |
title_full_unstemmed | Identification of the genes at S and Z reveals the molecular basis and evolution of grass self-incompatibility |
title_short | Identification of the genes at S and Z reveals the molecular basis and evolution of grass self-incompatibility |
title_sort | identification of the genes at s and z reveals the molecular basis and evolution of grass self-incompatibility |
topic | Plant Science |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9623065/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36330270 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.1011299 |
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