RF09 | PSUN05 Increased Frailty in Patients With Functioning Adrenal Adenomas

INTRODUCTION: Frailty is characterized by multisystem function decline related to aging and can be measured using frailty Index (FI). FI is constructed based on the proportion of deficits present in an individual out of the total number of health variables considered. FI in various populations has been shown to predict adverse health outcomes. We aimed to determine the impact of hormone excess on frailty in a prospective cohort of patients with adrenal adenomas. METHODS: We conducted a multicenter prospective observational study of adult patients with adrenal adenomas and referent subjects without adrenal disorders (Jan 2019-Dec 2021). Adrenal adenomas comprised non-functioning adrenal adenomas (NFA), adenomas with mild autonomous cortisol secretion (MACS), defined as dexamethasone suppression test (DST)>1.8 mcg/dL, Cushing syndrome (CS), and primary aldosteronism (PA). FI was calculated as a sum of 47 variables (20 comorbidities, 13 symptoms, 14 activities of daily living) divided by 47.(1) Frailty was defined as FI>0.25. In a subset of patients (n=176), functional measurements (handgrip strength, timed up and go test, gait speed) were performed and compared to FI. RESULTS: Of 233 patients (72.1% women), 71 were diagnosed with NFA (median age 64.5 years), 108 with MACS (median age 60.7 years), 11 with CS (median age 58.0 years), 46 with PA (median age 52.4 years), and 33 were referent subjects (median age 51.3 years). When compared to referent subjects, age- and sex-adjusted frailty prevalence was highest in CS (OR 29, 95%CI 4.3-202), followed by MACS (OR 16, 95%CI 3.5-73.7), and PA (OR 11.7, 95%CI 2.4-56), but not in patients with NFA (OR 5.1, 95%CI 0.99-25.8). Compared to patients with NFA, age- and sex-adjusted frailty prevalence was higher in CS (OR 5.8, 95%CI 1.4-24.4) and in MACS (OR 3.2, 95%CI 1.5-6.7), but not in PA (OR 2.3, 95%CI 0.9-6.1) group. Subgroup-analysis based on DST demonstrated a similar increase in age- and sex-adjusted frailty prevalence in patients with DST>5 mcg/dL (OR 3.1, 95%CI 1.2-8.2) and DST 1.9-5 mcg/dL (OR 3.3, 95%CI 1.5-7.4) when compared to patients with DST<1.8 mcg/dL. Higher FI was associated with lower handgrip measurement (P<0.0001), longer time during timed up and go test (P <0.0001), and decreased gait speed (P<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with functional adrenal adenomas are more likely to be frail. In patients with MACS, the prevalence of frailty was not associated with the degree of DST abnormality. FI correlated with currently validated but more cumbersome functional measurements and is a valuable tool that could be easily used in clinical practice and help individualize management decisions in patients with adrenal adenomas. (1) Singh S et al. Frailty in Patients With Mild Autonomous Cortisol Secretion is Higher Than in Patients with Nonfunctioning Adrenal Tumors. JCEM 2020 Presentation: Saturday, June 11, 2022 1:30 p.m. - 1:35 p.m., Sunday, June 12, 2022 12:30 p.m. - 2:30 p.m.