Feasibility and oncological outcomes of video‐assisted thoracic surgery versus thoracotomy for pathologic N2 disease in non–small cell lung cancer: A comprehensive systematic review and meta‐analysis

This meta‐analysis aimed to evaluate the feasibility and oncological outcomes between video‐assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) and thoracotomy for non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with pathologic N2 (pN2) disease. Data for analysis included short‐term outcomes and long‐term outcomes. We calculated the weighted mean differences (WMDs) for continuous data and the results of overall survival (OS) and disease free survival (DFS) were pooled using the hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Heterogeneity was assessed using the Q‐test and I(2)‐test. Sensitivity analysis was performed to further examine the stability of pooled HRs and WMDs. In the pooled analyses of 10 eligible studies, results showed that VATS for NSCLC patients with pN2 disease yielded significantly less blood loss (WMD = −61.43; 95% confidence intervals [CI], [−87.69, −35.18]; p < 0.001), less post‐operation hospital stay (WMD, −1.62; 95% CI, [−2.96, −0.28]; p = 0.02), and comparable operation time (WMD, −8.32; 95% CI, [−23.88, 7.23]; p = 0.29), post‐operation complication rate (risk ratio [RR], 0.95; 95% CI, [0.78, 1.15]; p = 0.59), chest tube duration to thoracotomy (WMD, −0.64; 95% CI, [−1.45, 0.17]; p = 0.12), extent of lymph node dissection (WMD, −1.46; 95% CI, [−3.87, 0.95]; p = 0.23) and 1‐year OS (HR, 1.30; 95% CI, [0.96, 1.76]; p = 0.09) than thoracotomy. However, VATS may improve 3‐year OS (HR, 1.26; 95% CI, [1.12, 1.42]; p = 0.0002) and yield comparable 1‐year DFS (HR, 1.14; 95% CI, [0.89, 1.46]; p = 0.32) and 3‐year DFS (HR, 1.03; 95% CI, [0.88, 1.22]; p = 0.70) for NSCLC patients with pN2 disease than thoracotomy. VATS could yield less surgical trauma and improve post‐operative recovery than thoracotomy. Moreover, VATS may improve the oncological outcomes of those patients.