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Transgenic animal models to explore and modulate the blood brain and blood retinal barriers of the CNS

The unique environment of the brain and retina is tightly regulated by blood–brain barrier and the blood-retinal barrier, respectively, to ensure proper neuronal function. Endothelial cells within these tissues possess distinct properties that allow for controlled passage of solutes and fluids. Peri...

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Autores principales: Goncalves, Andreia, Antonetti, David A.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9628113/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36320068
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12987-022-00386-0
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author Goncalves, Andreia
Antonetti, David A.
author_facet Goncalves, Andreia
Antonetti, David A.
author_sort Goncalves, Andreia
collection PubMed
description The unique environment of the brain and retina is tightly regulated by blood–brain barrier and the blood-retinal barrier, respectively, to ensure proper neuronal function. Endothelial cells within these tissues possess distinct properties that allow for controlled passage of solutes and fluids. Pericytes, glia cells and neurons signal to endothelial cells (ECs) to form and maintain the barriers and control blood flow, helping to create the neurovascular unit. This barrier is lost in a wide range of diseases affecting the central nervous system (CNS) and retina such as brain tumors, stroke, dementia, and in the eye, diabetic retinopathy, retinal vein occlusions and age-related macular degeneration to name prominent examples. Recent studies directly link barrier changes to promotion of disease pathology and degradation of neuronal function. Understanding how these barriers form and how to restore these barriers in disease provides an important point for therapeutic intervention. This review aims to describe the fundamentals of the blood-tissue barriers of the CNS and how the use of transgenic animal models led to our current understanding of the molecular framework of these barriers. The review also highlights examples of targeting barrier properties to protect neuronal function in disease states.
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spelling pubmed-96281132022-11-03 Transgenic animal models to explore and modulate the blood brain and blood retinal barriers of the CNS Goncalves, Andreia Antonetti, David A. Fluids Barriers CNS Review The unique environment of the brain and retina is tightly regulated by blood–brain barrier and the blood-retinal barrier, respectively, to ensure proper neuronal function. Endothelial cells within these tissues possess distinct properties that allow for controlled passage of solutes and fluids. Pericytes, glia cells and neurons signal to endothelial cells (ECs) to form and maintain the barriers and control blood flow, helping to create the neurovascular unit. This barrier is lost in a wide range of diseases affecting the central nervous system (CNS) and retina such as brain tumors, stroke, dementia, and in the eye, diabetic retinopathy, retinal vein occlusions and age-related macular degeneration to name prominent examples. Recent studies directly link barrier changes to promotion of disease pathology and degradation of neuronal function. Understanding how these barriers form and how to restore these barriers in disease provides an important point for therapeutic intervention. This review aims to describe the fundamentals of the blood-tissue barriers of the CNS and how the use of transgenic animal models led to our current understanding of the molecular framework of these barriers. The review also highlights examples of targeting barrier properties to protect neuronal function in disease states. BioMed Central 2022-11-01 /pmc/articles/PMC9628113/ /pubmed/36320068 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12987-022-00386-0 Text en © The Author(s) 2022 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.
spellingShingle Review
Goncalves, Andreia
Antonetti, David A.
Transgenic animal models to explore and modulate the blood brain and blood retinal barriers of the CNS
title Transgenic animal models to explore and modulate the blood brain and blood retinal barriers of the CNS
title_full Transgenic animal models to explore and modulate the blood brain and blood retinal barriers of the CNS
title_fullStr Transgenic animal models to explore and modulate the blood brain and blood retinal barriers of the CNS
title_full_unstemmed Transgenic animal models to explore and modulate the blood brain and blood retinal barriers of the CNS
title_short Transgenic animal models to explore and modulate the blood brain and blood retinal barriers of the CNS
title_sort transgenic animal models to explore and modulate the blood brain and blood retinal barriers of the cns
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9628113/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36320068
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12987-022-00386-0
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