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Genomics and pathotypes of the many faces of Escherichia coli

Escherichia coli is the most researched microbial organism in the world. Its varied impact on human health, consisting of commensalism, gastrointestinal disease, or extraintestinal pathologies, has generated a separation of the species into at least eleven pathotypes (also known as pathovars). These...

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Autores principales: Geurtsen, Jeroen, de Been, Mark, Weerdenburg, Eveline, Zomer, Aldert, McNally, Alan, Poolman, Jan
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Oxford University Press 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9629502/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35749579
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/femsre/fuac031
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author Geurtsen, Jeroen
de Been, Mark
Weerdenburg, Eveline
Zomer, Aldert
McNally, Alan
Poolman, Jan
author_facet Geurtsen, Jeroen
de Been, Mark
Weerdenburg, Eveline
Zomer, Aldert
McNally, Alan
Poolman, Jan
author_sort Geurtsen, Jeroen
collection PubMed
description Escherichia coli is the most researched microbial organism in the world. Its varied impact on human health, consisting of commensalism, gastrointestinal disease, or extraintestinal pathologies, has generated a separation of the species into at least eleven pathotypes (also known as pathovars). These are broadly split into two groups, intestinal pathogenic E. coli (InPEC) and extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC). However, components of E. coli’s infinite open accessory genome are horizontally transferred with substantial frequency, creating pathogenic hybrid strains that defy a clear pathotype designation. Here, we take a birds-eye view of the E. coli species, characterizing it from historical, clinical, and genetic perspectives. We examine the wide spectrum of human disease caused by E. coli, the genome content of the bacterium, and its propensity to acquire, exchange, and maintain antibiotic resistance genes and virulence traits. Our portrayal of the species also discusses elements that have shaped its overall population structure and summarizes the current state of vaccine development targeted at the most frequent E. coli pathovars. In our conclusions, we advocate streamlining efforts for clinical reporting of ExPEC, and emphasize the pathogenic potential that exists throughout the entire species.
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spelling pubmed-96295022022-11-04 Genomics and pathotypes of the many faces of Escherichia coli Geurtsen, Jeroen de Been, Mark Weerdenburg, Eveline Zomer, Aldert McNally, Alan Poolman, Jan FEMS Microbiol Rev Review Article Escherichia coli is the most researched microbial organism in the world. Its varied impact on human health, consisting of commensalism, gastrointestinal disease, or extraintestinal pathologies, has generated a separation of the species into at least eleven pathotypes (also known as pathovars). These are broadly split into two groups, intestinal pathogenic E. coli (InPEC) and extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC). However, components of E. coli’s infinite open accessory genome are horizontally transferred with substantial frequency, creating pathogenic hybrid strains that defy a clear pathotype designation. Here, we take a birds-eye view of the E. coli species, characterizing it from historical, clinical, and genetic perspectives. We examine the wide spectrum of human disease caused by E. coli, the genome content of the bacterium, and its propensity to acquire, exchange, and maintain antibiotic resistance genes and virulence traits. Our portrayal of the species also discusses elements that have shaped its overall population structure and summarizes the current state of vaccine development targeted at the most frequent E. coli pathovars. In our conclusions, we advocate streamlining efforts for clinical reporting of ExPEC, and emphasize the pathogenic potential that exists throughout the entire species. Oxford University Press 2022-06-24 /pmc/articles/PMC9629502/ /pubmed/35749579 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/femsre/fuac031 Text en © The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of FEMS. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com
spellingShingle Review Article
Geurtsen, Jeroen
de Been, Mark
Weerdenburg, Eveline
Zomer, Aldert
McNally, Alan
Poolman, Jan
Genomics and pathotypes of the many faces of Escherichia coli
title Genomics and pathotypes of the many faces of Escherichia coli
title_full Genomics and pathotypes of the many faces of Escherichia coli
title_fullStr Genomics and pathotypes of the many faces of Escherichia coli
title_full_unstemmed Genomics and pathotypes of the many faces of Escherichia coli
title_short Genomics and pathotypes of the many faces of Escherichia coli
title_sort genomics and pathotypes of the many faces of escherichia coli
topic Review Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9629502/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35749579
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/femsre/fuac031
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