Reference intervals for common clinical chemistry parameters in healthy adults of Northeast Ethiopia

BACKGROUND: Clinical chemistry reference intervals are important tools for health evaluation, diagnosis, prognosis and monitoring adverse events. Currently used reference intervals in most African countries including Ethiopia are mainly derived from Western populations, despite studies reporting differences that could lead to incorrect clinical decisions. The aim of this study was to establish reference intervals for commonly used clinical chemistry parameters for healthy adults in Northeast Ethiopia. METHODS: A community based cross-sectional study was conducted among 328 apparently healthy adults between the ages of 18 and 57 years. Blood samples were collected for clinical chemistry analysis using Dirui CS-T240 auto-analyzer and serological testing to screen the population. Medians and 95% reference intervals were computed using non-parametric method according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guideline. The Mann–Whitney U test was used to compare reference values between males and females. RESULTS: Reference intervals established were: ALT 11.2–48.0 U/L, AST 16–60 U/L, ALP 53–342.3 U/L, total protein 5.4–8.9 mg/dL, total bilirubin 0.1–1.23 mg/dL, glucose 65–125 mg/dL, total cholesterol 69–213 mg/dL, triglycerides 46–207 mg/dL, creatinine 0.3–1.2 mg/dL and urea 9.5–46.3 mg/dL. Significant sex-differences were observed for ALT, AST, ALP, total cholesterol, triglycerides, creatinine and urea. We found that the established reference intervals substantially differ from the reference ranges currently in use. Up to 43.1% of apparently healthy adults are considered as having abnormal test values on the bases of the currently in use reference ranges. If the reference values from the United States based intervals were applied to the study population, 81.8% would have been classified as having abnormal laboratory test results. CONCLUSIONS: Local population-specific reference intervals were established for commonly used clinical chemistry parameters in adult population of Northeast Ethiopia. Although further study is needed, these reference intervals may have the potential to facility the decision-making process based on laboratory test results in this population.