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Desulfurization of Morupule Coal with Subcritical Aqueous Ethanol Extraction
Coal combustion greatly contributes to global emissions of toxic gases into the atmosphere, with sulfur emissions as one of the prominent pollutants in addition to carbon dioxide. Nevertheless, Botswana utilizes Morupule's sub‐bituminous coal with average sulfur and ash contents, as determined...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
John Wiley and Sons Inc.
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9630044/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35946993 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/open.202200046 |
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author | Nermark, Fiona M. Mapolelo, Mmilili M. Darkwa, James Wendt, Ola F. Turner, Charlotta |
author_facet | Nermark, Fiona M. Mapolelo, Mmilili M. Darkwa, James Wendt, Ola F. Turner, Charlotta |
author_sort | Nermark, Fiona M. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Coal combustion greatly contributes to global emissions of toxic gases into the atmosphere, with sulfur emissions as one of the prominent pollutants in addition to carbon dioxide. Nevertheless, Botswana utilizes Morupule's sub‐bituminous coal with average sulfur and ash contents, as determined in this study being 1.9 and 24.4 % by weight with an average calorific value of 22 MJ Kg(−1) to generate electricity. We report an optimized extraction method for reducing total sulfur in Morupule coal from 1.9±0.2 to 0.43±0.02 wt.% at optimum conditions of ethanol/water (90/10, v/v %) at 129 °C (105 bars) in 10 minutes. A Box–Behnken experimental design was employed to select the optimal conditions of temperature (100–180 °C), water proportion in ethanol (10–90, v/v %) and extraction time (10–30 minutes), thus reducing the total sulfur under these mild conditions compared to conventional extraction. The optimized conditions were however not efficient in removing ash. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9630044 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | John Wiley and Sons Inc. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-96300442022-11-07 Desulfurization of Morupule Coal with Subcritical Aqueous Ethanol Extraction Nermark, Fiona M. Mapolelo, Mmilili M. Darkwa, James Wendt, Ola F. Turner, Charlotta ChemistryOpen Research Articles Coal combustion greatly contributes to global emissions of toxic gases into the atmosphere, with sulfur emissions as one of the prominent pollutants in addition to carbon dioxide. Nevertheless, Botswana utilizes Morupule's sub‐bituminous coal with average sulfur and ash contents, as determined in this study being 1.9 and 24.4 % by weight with an average calorific value of 22 MJ Kg(−1) to generate electricity. We report an optimized extraction method for reducing total sulfur in Morupule coal from 1.9±0.2 to 0.43±0.02 wt.% at optimum conditions of ethanol/water (90/10, v/v %) at 129 °C (105 bars) in 10 minutes. A Box–Behnken experimental design was employed to select the optimal conditions of temperature (100–180 °C), water proportion in ethanol (10–90, v/v %) and extraction time (10–30 minutes), thus reducing the total sulfur under these mild conditions compared to conventional extraction. The optimized conditions were however not efficient in removing ash. John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2022-08-10 /pmc/articles/PMC9630044/ /pubmed/35946993 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/open.202200046 Text en © 2022 The Authors. Published by Wiley-VCH GmbH https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Research Articles Nermark, Fiona M. Mapolelo, Mmilili M. Darkwa, James Wendt, Ola F. Turner, Charlotta Desulfurization of Morupule Coal with Subcritical Aqueous Ethanol Extraction |
title | Desulfurization of Morupule Coal with Subcritical Aqueous Ethanol Extraction |
title_full | Desulfurization of Morupule Coal with Subcritical Aqueous Ethanol Extraction |
title_fullStr | Desulfurization of Morupule Coal with Subcritical Aqueous Ethanol Extraction |
title_full_unstemmed | Desulfurization of Morupule Coal with Subcritical Aqueous Ethanol Extraction |
title_short | Desulfurization of Morupule Coal with Subcritical Aqueous Ethanol Extraction |
title_sort | desulfurization of morupule coal with subcritical aqueous ethanol extraction |
topic | Research Articles |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9630044/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35946993 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/open.202200046 |
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