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Desulfurization of Morupule Coal with Subcritical Aqueous Ethanol Extraction

Coal combustion greatly contributes to global emissions of toxic gases into the atmosphere, with sulfur emissions as one of the prominent pollutants in addition to carbon dioxide. Nevertheless, Botswana utilizes Morupule's sub‐bituminous coal with average sulfur and ash contents, as determined...

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Autores principales: Nermark, Fiona M., Mapolelo, Mmilili M., Darkwa, James, Wendt, Ola F., Turner, Charlotta
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9630044/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35946993
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/open.202200046
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author Nermark, Fiona M.
Mapolelo, Mmilili M.
Darkwa, James
Wendt, Ola F.
Turner, Charlotta
author_facet Nermark, Fiona M.
Mapolelo, Mmilili M.
Darkwa, James
Wendt, Ola F.
Turner, Charlotta
author_sort Nermark, Fiona M.
collection PubMed
description Coal combustion greatly contributes to global emissions of toxic gases into the atmosphere, with sulfur emissions as one of the prominent pollutants in addition to carbon dioxide. Nevertheless, Botswana utilizes Morupule's sub‐bituminous coal with average sulfur and ash contents, as determined in this study being 1.9 and 24.4 % by weight with an average calorific value of 22 MJ Kg(−1) to generate electricity. We report an optimized extraction method for reducing total sulfur in Morupule coal from 1.9±0.2 to 0.43±0.02 wt.% at optimum conditions of ethanol/water (90/10, v/v %) at 129 °C (105 bars) in 10 minutes. A Box–Behnken experimental design was employed to select the optimal conditions of temperature (100–180 °C), water proportion in ethanol (10–90, v/v %) and extraction time (10–30 minutes), thus reducing the total sulfur under these mild conditions compared to conventional extraction. The optimized conditions were however not efficient in removing ash.
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spelling pubmed-96300442022-11-07 Desulfurization of Morupule Coal with Subcritical Aqueous Ethanol Extraction Nermark, Fiona M. Mapolelo, Mmilili M. Darkwa, James Wendt, Ola F. Turner, Charlotta ChemistryOpen Research Articles Coal combustion greatly contributes to global emissions of toxic gases into the atmosphere, with sulfur emissions as one of the prominent pollutants in addition to carbon dioxide. Nevertheless, Botswana utilizes Morupule's sub‐bituminous coal with average sulfur and ash contents, as determined in this study being 1.9 and 24.4 % by weight with an average calorific value of 22 MJ Kg(−1) to generate electricity. We report an optimized extraction method for reducing total sulfur in Morupule coal from 1.9±0.2 to 0.43±0.02 wt.% at optimum conditions of ethanol/water (90/10, v/v %) at 129 °C (105 bars) in 10 minutes. A Box–Behnken experimental design was employed to select the optimal conditions of temperature (100–180 °C), water proportion in ethanol (10–90, v/v %) and extraction time (10–30 minutes), thus reducing the total sulfur under these mild conditions compared to conventional extraction. The optimized conditions were however not efficient in removing ash. John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2022-08-10 /pmc/articles/PMC9630044/ /pubmed/35946993 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/open.202200046 Text en © 2022 The Authors. Published by Wiley-VCH GmbH https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Research Articles
Nermark, Fiona M.
Mapolelo, Mmilili M.
Darkwa, James
Wendt, Ola F.
Turner, Charlotta
Desulfurization of Morupule Coal with Subcritical Aqueous Ethanol Extraction
title Desulfurization of Morupule Coal with Subcritical Aqueous Ethanol Extraction
title_full Desulfurization of Morupule Coal with Subcritical Aqueous Ethanol Extraction
title_fullStr Desulfurization of Morupule Coal with Subcritical Aqueous Ethanol Extraction
title_full_unstemmed Desulfurization of Morupule Coal with Subcritical Aqueous Ethanol Extraction
title_short Desulfurization of Morupule Coal with Subcritical Aqueous Ethanol Extraction
title_sort desulfurization of morupule coal with subcritical aqueous ethanol extraction
topic Research Articles
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9630044/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35946993
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/open.202200046
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