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Genetic architecture of Parkinson’s disease subtypes – Review of the literature
The heterogeneity of Parkinson’s disease (PD) has been recognized since its description by James Parkinson over 200 years ago. The complexity of motor and non-motor PD manifestations has led to many attempts of PD subtyping with different prognostic outcomes; however, the pathophysiological foundati...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9632166/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36337703 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2022.1023574 |
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author | Dulski, Jarosław Uitti, Ryan J. Ross, Owen A. Wszolek, Zbigniew K. |
author_facet | Dulski, Jarosław Uitti, Ryan J. Ross, Owen A. Wszolek, Zbigniew K. |
author_sort | Dulski, Jarosław |
collection | PubMed |
description | The heterogeneity of Parkinson’s disease (PD) has been recognized since its description by James Parkinson over 200 years ago. The complexity of motor and non-motor PD manifestations has led to many attempts of PD subtyping with different prognostic outcomes; however, the pathophysiological foundations of PD heterogeneity remain elusive. Genetic contributions to PD may be informative in understanding the underpinnings of PD subtypes. As such, recognizing genotype-phenotype associations may be crucial for successful gene therapy. We review the state of knowledge on the genetic architecture underlying PD subtypes, discussing the monogenic forms, as well as oligo- and polygenic risk factors associated with various PD subtypes. Based on our review, we argue for the unification of PD subtyping classifications, the dichotomy of studies on genetic factors and genetic modifiers of PD, and replication of results from previous studies. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9632166 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-96321662022-11-04 Genetic architecture of Parkinson’s disease subtypes – Review of the literature Dulski, Jarosław Uitti, Ryan J. Ross, Owen A. Wszolek, Zbigniew K. Front Aging Neurosci Neuroscience The heterogeneity of Parkinson’s disease (PD) has been recognized since its description by James Parkinson over 200 years ago. The complexity of motor and non-motor PD manifestations has led to many attempts of PD subtyping with different prognostic outcomes; however, the pathophysiological foundations of PD heterogeneity remain elusive. Genetic contributions to PD may be informative in understanding the underpinnings of PD subtypes. As such, recognizing genotype-phenotype associations may be crucial for successful gene therapy. We review the state of knowledge on the genetic architecture underlying PD subtypes, discussing the monogenic forms, as well as oligo- and polygenic risk factors associated with various PD subtypes. Based on our review, we argue for the unification of PD subtyping classifications, the dichotomy of studies on genetic factors and genetic modifiers of PD, and replication of results from previous studies. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-10-20 /pmc/articles/PMC9632166/ /pubmed/36337703 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2022.1023574 Text en Copyright © 2022 Dulski, Uitti, Ross and Wszolek. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Neuroscience Dulski, Jarosław Uitti, Ryan J. Ross, Owen A. Wszolek, Zbigniew K. Genetic architecture of Parkinson’s disease subtypes – Review of the literature |
title | Genetic architecture of Parkinson’s disease subtypes – Review of the literature |
title_full | Genetic architecture of Parkinson’s disease subtypes – Review of the literature |
title_fullStr | Genetic architecture of Parkinson’s disease subtypes – Review of the literature |
title_full_unstemmed | Genetic architecture of Parkinson’s disease subtypes – Review of the literature |
title_short | Genetic architecture of Parkinson’s disease subtypes – Review of the literature |
title_sort | genetic architecture of parkinson’s disease subtypes – review of the literature |
topic | Neuroscience |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9632166/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36337703 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2022.1023574 |
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