Moral distress experienced by neonatal intensive and paediatric care nurses in Northern Ghana: a qualitative study

BACKGROUND: Moral distress has been studied widely in nursing but not in developing economies. AIM: To investigate how moral distress is experienced by nurses working in neonatal intensive care and paediatric wards in Northern Ghana and to determine support measures offered by nurse managers. METHOD: Qualitative descriptive method. Forty nurses and fourteen nurse managers working with children in four hospitals in Northern Ghana were interviewed. Thematic data analysis was carried out. RESULTS: Six themes were identified: nurses experience morally distressing situations due to a variety of causes; the impact of morally distressing situations on nurses; coping mechanisms of nurses who experienced morally distressing situations; recommendations made by the nurses to reduce the incidence of moral distress; inadequate support measures available to nurse managers and nurse managers experience moral distress too. CONCLUSION: The causes of moral distress in developed and developing economies are similar. The frequency and intensity of moral distress is high in Northern Ghana. Consistent with other studies conducted in Africa, nurses and nurse managers relied on their religious faith as a form of resilience. No support measures are available to nurse managers to support nurses who experience moral distress.