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Numeric and morphological studies of the African lion (Panthera leo leo) pectoral limb

BACKGROUND: The Importance of the appendicular skeleton in the conformation, shape and physiology of wild animals especially carnivores for adaptation and survival cannot be overemphasized, as limited and obsolete information on the bones of the forelimb necessitated this study. Matured adult Africa...

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Autores principales: Onwuama, Kenechukwu Tobechukwu, Kigir, Esther Solomon, Jaji, Alhaji Zubair, Salami, Suleiman Olawoye
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9636809/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36335398
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12917-022-03488-x
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author Onwuama, Kenechukwu Tobechukwu
Kigir, Esther Solomon
Jaji, Alhaji Zubair
Salami, Suleiman Olawoye
author_facet Onwuama, Kenechukwu Tobechukwu
Kigir, Esther Solomon
Jaji, Alhaji Zubair
Salami, Suleiman Olawoye
author_sort Onwuama, Kenechukwu Tobechukwu
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: The Importance of the appendicular skeleton in the conformation, shape and physiology of wild animals especially carnivores for adaptation and survival cannot be overemphasized, as limited and obsolete information on the bones of the forelimb necessitated this study. Matured adult African lions (Male and female) that weighed 173 kg and 112 kg were obtained at different times after post mortem examinations of their carcasses. Bone preparation was achieved via cold water maceration after proper skin and muscle removal to a barest minimum. RESULTS: The acromion process of the scapula consisted of a ventral hamate and caudal suprahamate processes. The Clavicle was absent in this species. The musculospiral groove of the humerus was more or less absent while its supracondyloid foramen and crest were positioned above the medial condyle and lateral condyle respectively. The radio-ulna presented a twisted appearance with the radius slightly curved thereby creating an extensive interosseous space that spanned its entire length. The seven (7) carpal bones were uniquely arranged in two rows while the 5 metacarpals anchored 5 digits with 3 phalanges except the first with 2 phalanges each. Two sesamoid bones were located on the ventral surface of each Metacarpophalangeal joint. None was seen on its dorsal surface. The 3rd phalanx had a unique appearance with a crescent plate projecting from the ventral cavity. The average total number of bones constituting the pectoral limb was 80. CONCLUSION: Numerical information and detailed anatomical features of the pectoral limb bones of the African lion (Panthera leo leo) have added some valuable literature to science. This further serves as a baseline data for future scientific exposition on this species.
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spelling pubmed-96368092022-11-06 Numeric and morphological studies of the African lion (Panthera leo leo) pectoral limb Onwuama, Kenechukwu Tobechukwu Kigir, Esther Solomon Jaji, Alhaji Zubair Salami, Suleiman Olawoye BMC Vet Res Research BACKGROUND: The Importance of the appendicular skeleton in the conformation, shape and physiology of wild animals especially carnivores for adaptation and survival cannot be overemphasized, as limited and obsolete information on the bones of the forelimb necessitated this study. Matured adult African lions (Male and female) that weighed 173 kg and 112 kg were obtained at different times after post mortem examinations of their carcasses. Bone preparation was achieved via cold water maceration after proper skin and muscle removal to a barest minimum. RESULTS: The acromion process of the scapula consisted of a ventral hamate and caudal suprahamate processes. The Clavicle was absent in this species. The musculospiral groove of the humerus was more or less absent while its supracondyloid foramen and crest were positioned above the medial condyle and lateral condyle respectively. The radio-ulna presented a twisted appearance with the radius slightly curved thereby creating an extensive interosseous space that spanned its entire length. The seven (7) carpal bones were uniquely arranged in two rows while the 5 metacarpals anchored 5 digits with 3 phalanges except the first with 2 phalanges each. Two sesamoid bones were located on the ventral surface of each Metacarpophalangeal joint. None was seen on its dorsal surface. The 3rd phalanx had a unique appearance with a crescent plate projecting from the ventral cavity. The average total number of bones constituting the pectoral limb was 80. CONCLUSION: Numerical information and detailed anatomical features of the pectoral limb bones of the African lion (Panthera leo leo) have added some valuable literature to science. This further serves as a baseline data for future scientific exposition on this species. BioMed Central 2022-11-05 /pmc/articles/PMC9636809/ /pubmed/36335398 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12917-022-03488-x Text en © The Author(s) 2022 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.
spellingShingle Research
Onwuama, Kenechukwu Tobechukwu
Kigir, Esther Solomon
Jaji, Alhaji Zubair
Salami, Suleiman Olawoye
Numeric and morphological studies of the African lion (Panthera leo leo) pectoral limb
title Numeric and morphological studies of the African lion (Panthera leo leo) pectoral limb
title_full Numeric and morphological studies of the African lion (Panthera leo leo) pectoral limb
title_fullStr Numeric and morphological studies of the African lion (Panthera leo leo) pectoral limb
title_full_unstemmed Numeric and morphological studies of the African lion (Panthera leo leo) pectoral limb
title_short Numeric and morphological studies of the African lion (Panthera leo leo) pectoral limb
title_sort numeric and morphological studies of the african lion (panthera leo leo) pectoral limb
topic Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9636809/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36335398
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12917-022-03488-x
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