A study on foetomaternal outcome of pregnancies complicated by cardiac diseases

Cardiac disease complicates around 1–4% of all pregnancies. This study has been conducted to know the incidence of cardiac diseases complicating pregnancy in our institution and to identify the spectrum of various cardiac diseases and their associated maternal and fetal complications. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY: 1. To evaluate the maternal and fetal outcome in patients with cardiac disease in pregnancy. 2. To identify any significant association between the modified World Health Organisation (WHO) risk classification of maternal cardiovascular diseases and the maternal and fetal outcomes. METHODS: This study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil nadu. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective and Prospective observational study. STUDY PERIOD: April 2017–April 2020. Sample Size 72 patients satisfying the inclusion criteria admitted from April 2017 to April 2020. INCLUSION CRITERIA: Rheumatic heart disease, congenital heart disease, arrhythmias, and conduction disorders. EXCLUSION CRITERIA: Cardiomyopathy. RESULTS: The incidence of heart disease complicating pregnancy in our study was 0.5%. The ratio of RHD: CHD in our study was 4:1. There was no statistically significant association between the modified WHO risk classification of heart disease and the mode of delivery. 36.1% patients of the study group developed complications related to their cardiac disease, of which 96.3% belonged to the rheumatic heart disease (RHD) group. There were no cases of maternal mortality or perinatal mortality in our study. CONCLUSIONS: According to our study, there was a statistically significant association between the maternal complications, namely. congestive cardiac failure and acute pulmonary edema and the modified WHO risk assessment class of maternal cardiovascular diseases in pregnancy. There was no statistically significant association between the perinatal morbidity and the modified WHO risk assessment class of maternal cardiovascular disease in pregnancy.