Echinacoside inhibited cardiomyocyte pyroptosis and improved heart function of HF rats induced by isoproterenol via suppressing NADPH/ROS/ER stress

Prevalence of heart failure (HF) continues to rise over time and is a global difficult problem; new drug targets are urgently needed. In recent years, pyroptosis is confirmed to promote cardiac remodelling and HF. Echinacoside (ECH) is a natural phenylethanoid glycoside and is the major active component of traditional Chinese medicine Cistanches Herba, which is reported to possess powerful anti‐oxidation and anti‐inflammatory effects. In addition, we previously reported that ECH reversed cardiac remodelling and improved heart function, but the effect of ECH on pyroptosis has not been studied. So, we investigated the effects of ECH on cardiomyocyte pyroptosis and the underlying mechanisms. In vivo, we established HF rat models induced by isoproterenol (ISO) and pre‐treated with ECH. Indexes of heart function, pyroptotic marker proteins, ROS levels, and the expressions of NOX2, NOX4 and ER stress were measured. In vitro, primary cardiomyocytes of neonatal rats were treated with ISO and ECH; ASC speckles and caspase‐1 mediated pyroptosis in cardiomyocytes were detected. Hoechst/PI staining was also used to evaluate pyroptosis. ROS levels, pyroptotic marker proteins, NOX2, NOX4 and ER stress levels were all tested. In vivo, we found that ECH effectively inhibited pyroptosis, down‐regulated NOX2 and NOX4, decreased ROS levels, suppressed ER stress and improved heart function. In vitro, ECH reduced cardiomyocyte pyroptosis and suppressed NADPH/ROS/ER stress. We concluded that ECH inhibited cardiomyocyte pyroptosis and improved heart function via suppressing NADPH/ROS/ER stress.