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Gastrointestinal helminths increase Bordetella bronchiseptica shedding and host variation in supershedding

Co-infected hosts, individuals that carry more than one infectious agent at any one time, have been suggested to facilitate pathogen transmission, including the emergence of supershedding events. However, how the host immune response mediates the interactions between co-infecting pathogens and how t...

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Autores principales: Nguyen, Nhat TD, Pathak, Ashutosh K, Cattadori, Isabella M
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9642997/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36346138
http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.70347
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author Nguyen, Nhat TD
Pathak, Ashutosh K
Cattadori, Isabella M
author_facet Nguyen, Nhat TD
Pathak, Ashutosh K
Cattadori, Isabella M
author_sort Nguyen, Nhat TD
collection PubMed
description Co-infected hosts, individuals that carry more than one infectious agent at any one time, have been suggested to facilitate pathogen transmission, including the emergence of supershedding events. However, how the host immune response mediates the interactions between co-infecting pathogens and how these affect the dynamics of shedding remains largely unclear. We used laboratory experiments and a modeling approach to examine temporal changes in the shedding of the respiratory bacterium Bordetella bronchiseptica in rabbits with one or two gastrointestinal helminth species. Experimental data showed that rabbits co-infected with one or both helminths shed significantly more B. bronchiseptica, by direct contact with an agar petri dish, than rabbits with bacteria alone. Co-infected hosts generated supershedding events of higher intensity and more frequently than hosts with no helminths. To explain this variation in shedding an infection-immune model was developed and fitted to rabbits of each group. Simulations suggested that differences in the magnitude and duration of shedding could be explained by the effect of the two helminths on the relative contribution of neutrophils and specific IgA and IgG to B. bronchiseptica neutralization in the respiratory tract. However, the interactions between infection and immune response at the scale of analysis that we used could not capture the rapid variation in the intensity of shedding of every rabbit. We suggest that fast and local changes at the level of respiratory tissue probably played a more important role. This study indicates that co-infected hosts are important source of variation in shedding, and provides a quantitative explanation into the role of helminths to the dynamics of respiratory bacterial infections.
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spelling pubmed-96429972022-11-15 Gastrointestinal helminths increase Bordetella bronchiseptica shedding and host variation in supershedding Nguyen, Nhat TD Pathak, Ashutosh K Cattadori, Isabella M eLife Ecology Co-infected hosts, individuals that carry more than one infectious agent at any one time, have been suggested to facilitate pathogen transmission, including the emergence of supershedding events. However, how the host immune response mediates the interactions between co-infecting pathogens and how these affect the dynamics of shedding remains largely unclear. We used laboratory experiments and a modeling approach to examine temporal changes in the shedding of the respiratory bacterium Bordetella bronchiseptica in rabbits with one or two gastrointestinal helminth species. Experimental data showed that rabbits co-infected with one or both helminths shed significantly more B. bronchiseptica, by direct contact with an agar petri dish, than rabbits with bacteria alone. Co-infected hosts generated supershedding events of higher intensity and more frequently than hosts with no helminths. To explain this variation in shedding an infection-immune model was developed and fitted to rabbits of each group. Simulations suggested that differences in the magnitude and duration of shedding could be explained by the effect of the two helminths on the relative contribution of neutrophils and specific IgA and IgG to B. bronchiseptica neutralization in the respiratory tract. However, the interactions between infection and immune response at the scale of analysis that we used could not capture the rapid variation in the intensity of shedding of every rabbit. We suggest that fast and local changes at the level of respiratory tissue probably played a more important role. This study indicates that co-infected hosts are important source of variation in shedding, and provides a quantitative explanation into the role of helminths to the dynamics of respiratory bacterial infections. eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd 2022-11-08 /pmc/articles/PMC9642997/ /pubmed/36346138 http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.70347 Text en © 2022, Nguyen, Pathak et al https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use and redistribution provided that the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Ecology
Nguyen, Nhat TD
Pathak, Ashutosh K
Cattadori, Isabella M
Gastrointestinal helminths increase Bordetella bronchiseptica shedding and host variation in supershedding
title Gastrointestinal helminths increase Bordetella bronchiseptica shedding and host variation in supershedding
title_full Gastrointestinal helminths increase Bordetella bronchiseptica shedding and host variation in supershedding
title_fullStr Gastrointestinal helminths increase Bordetella bronchiseptica shedding and host variation in supershedding
title_full_unstemmed Gastrointestinal helminths increase Bordetella bronchiseptica shedding and host variation in supershedding
title_short Gastrointestinal helminths increase Bordetella bronchiseptica shedding and host variation in supershedding
title_sort gastrointestinal helminths increase bordetella bronchiseptica shedding and host variation in supershedding
topic Ecology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9642997/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36346138
http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.70347
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AT cattadoriisabellam gastrointestinalhelminthsincreasebordetellabronchisepticasheddingandhostvariationinsupershedding