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The influence of stimulus onset asynchrony, task order, sex and hormonal contraception on prepulse inhibition and prepulse facilitation: Methodological considerations for drug and imaging research
BACKGROUND: Prepulse-induced startle modulation occurs when a weak sensory stimulus (‘prepulse’) is presented before a startling sensory stimulus (‘pulse’), producing an inhibited (Prepulse Inhibition, PPI) or facilitated (Prepulse Facilitation, PPF) startle response. We recently identified several...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
SAGE Publications
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9643818/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36268723 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/02698811221133469 |
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author | Naysmith, Laura F Williams, Steven C R Kumari, Veena |
author_facet | Naysmith, Laura F Williams, Steven C R Kumari, Veena |
author_sort | Naysmith, Laura F |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Prepulse-induced startle modulation occurs when a weak sensory stimulus (‘prepulse’) is presented before a startling sensory stimulus (‘pulse’), producing an inhibited (Prepulse Inhibition, PPI) or facilitated (Prepulse Facilitation, PPF) startle response. We recently identified several gaps and outlined future lines of enquiry to enable a fuller understanding of the neurobiology of PPI and PPF in healthy and clinical populations. However, before embarking on these studies, it is important to consider how task and population characteristics affect these phenomena in healthy humans. METHODS: We examined PPI and PPF in separate tasks, with counterbalanced task order across participants in one session, using a range of stimulus onset asynchronies (SOAs), in 48 healthy adults (23 men, 25 women; 10 hormonal contraceptive users) to determine which SOAs produce the strongest PPI and PPF and also explored how sex and hormonal contraception might influence PPI and PPF under these experimental conditions. RESULTS: Both PPI and PPF were affected by SOA, with greatest PPI observed at 60 and 120 ms, and greatest PPF at 4500 and 6000 ms. PPI was influenced by sex (more PPI in men than women) and hormonal contraception, whereas PPF was affected by task order (greater PPF when the PPF task followed, rather than preceded, the PPI task). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that studies of PPI and PPF need to consider, not only sex and hormonal status of study participants, but also task characteristics and presentation order to reduce variance and increase replicability across studies. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9643818 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | SAGE Publications |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-96438182022-11-15 The influence of stimulus onset asynchrony, task order, sex and hormonal contraception on prepulse inhibition and prepulse facilitation: Methodological considerations for drug and imaging research Naysmith, Laura F Williams, Steven C R Kumari, Veena J Psychopharmacol Original Papers BACKGROUND: Prepulse-induced startle modulation occurs when a weak sensory stimulus (‘prepulse’) is presented before a startling sensory stimulus (‘pulse’), producing an inhibited (Prepulse Inhibition, PPI) or facilitated (Prepulse Facilitation, PPF) startle response. We recently identified several gaps and outlined future lines of enquiry to enable a fuller understanding of the neurobiology of PPI and PPF in healthy and clinical populations. However, before embarking on these studies, it is important to consider how task and population characteristics affect these phenomena in healthy humans. METHODS: We examined PPI and PPF in separate tasks, with counterbalanced task order across participants in one session, using a range of stimulus onset asynchronies (SOAs), in 48 healthy adults (23 men, 25 women; 10 hormonal contraceptive users) to determine which SOAs produce the strongest PPI and PPF and also explored how sex and hormonal contraception might influence PPI and PPF under these experimental conditions. RESULTS: Both PPI and PPF were affected by SOA, with greatest PPI observed at 60 and 120 ms, and greatest PPF at 4500 and 6000 ms. PPI was influenced by sex (more PPI in men than women) and hormonal contraception, whereas PPF was affected by task order (greater PPF when the PPF task followed, rather than preceded, the PPI task). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that studies of PPI and PPF need to consider, not only sex and hormonal status of study participants, but also task characteristics and presentation order to reduce variance and increase replicability across studies. SAGE Publications 2022-10-21 2022-11 /pmc/articles/PMC9643818/ /pubmed/36268723 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/02698811221133469 Text en © The Author(s) 2022 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) which permits any use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access page (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage). |
spellingShingle | Original Papers Naysmith, Laura F Williams, Steven C R Kumari, Veena The influence of stimulus onset asynchrony, task order, sex and hormonal contraception on prepulse inhibition and prepulse facilitation: Methodological considerations for drug and imaging research |
title | The influence of stimulus onset asynchrony, task order, sex and
hormonal contraception on prepulse inhibition and prepulse facilitation:
Methodological considerations for drug and imaging research |
title_full | The influence of stimulus onset asynchrony, task order, sex and
hormonal contraception on prepulse inhibition and prepulse facilitation:
Methodological considerations for drug and imaging research |
title_fullStr | The influence of stimulus onset asynchrony, task order, sex and
hormonal contraception on prepulse inhibition and prepulse facilitation:
Methodological considerations for drug and imaging research |
title_full_unstemmed | The influence of stimulus onset asynchrony, task order, sex and
hormonal contraception on prepulse inhibition and prepulse facilitation:
Methodological considerations for drug and imaging research |
title_short | The influence of stimulus onset asynchrony, task order, sex and
hormonal contraception on prepulse inhibition and prepulse facilitation:
Methodological considerations for drug and imaging research |
title_sort | influence of stimulus onset asynchrony, task order, sex and
hormonal contraception on prepulse inhibition and prepulse facilitation:
methodological considerations for drug and imaging research |
topic | Original Papers |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9643818/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36268723 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/02698811221133469 |
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