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Intracellular monitoring by dendritic cells – a new way to stay informed – from a simple scavenger to an active gatherer
Dendritic cells (DCs) are required for the initiation of the adaptive immune response. Their ability to acquire antigens in the periphery is a critical step in this process. DCs express a wide variety of adhesion molecules and possess an extremely fluid plasma membrane that facilitates scavenging th...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9647004/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36389660 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.1053582 |
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author | Herbst, Christopher Harshyne, Larry A. Igyártó, Botond Z. |
author_facet | Herbst, Christopher Harshyne, Larry A. Igyártó, Botond Z. |
author_sort | Herbst, Christopher |
collection | PubMed |
description | Dendritic cells (DCs) are required for the initiation of the adaptive immune response. Their ability to acquire antigens in the periphery is a critical step in this process. DCs express a wide variety of adhesion molecules and possess an extremely fluid plasma membrane that facilitates scavenging the extracellular environment and capturing material like exosomes, apoptotic bodies, and pathogens. Besides these standard routes, the acquisition of antigens by DCs can be further facilitated by tunneling nanotubes, trogocytosis, and gap junctions. However, in this article, we will argue that this is an incomplete picture, as certain observations in the literature cannot be explained if we assume DCs acquire antigens only through these means. Instead, it is more likely that DCs preferentially use adhesion molecules to form long-lasting cell-cell interactions to actively siphon material from cells they are in direct contact with. It is highly likely that DCs use this mechanism to continually capture membrane and cytosolic material directly from surrounding cells, which they scan to assess the health of the donor cell. Doing so would provide an array of advantages for the host immune system, as it would not be reliant on compromised cells to release antigens into the extracellular milieu. Therefore, we propose updating our view of DC antigen acquisition to include a process of active, contact-dependent capture of material directly from neighboring cell cytosol (cytocytosis), which we would term intracellular monitoring. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9647004 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-96470042022-11-15 Intracellular monitoring by dendritic cells – a new way to stay informed – from a simple scavenger to an active gatherer Herbst, Christopher Harshyne, Larry A. Igyártó, Botond Z. Front Immunol Immunology Dendritic cells (DCs) are required for the initiation of the adaptive immune response. Their ability to acquire antigens in the periphery is a critical step in this process. DCs express a wide variety of adhesion molecules and possess an extremely fluid plasma membrane that facilitates scavenging the extracellular environment and capturing material like exosomes, apoptotic bodies, and pathogens. Besides these standard routes, the acquisition of antigens by DCs can be further facilitated by tunneling nanotubes, trogocytosis, and gap junctions. However, in this article, we will argue that this is an incomplete picture, as certain observations in the literature cannot be explained if we assume DCs acquire antigens only through these means. Instead, it is more likely that DCs preferentially use adhesion molecules to form long-lasting cell-cell interactions to actively siphon material from cells they are in direct contact with. It is highly likely that DCs use this mechanism to continually capture membrane and cytosolic material directly from surrounding cells, which they scan to assess the health of the donor cell. Doing so would provide an array of advantages for the host immune system, as it would not be reliant on compromised cells to release antigens into the extracellular milieu. Therefore, we propose updating our view of DC antigen acquisition to include a process of active, contact-dependent capture of material directly from neighboring cell cytosol (cytocytosis), which we would term intracellular monitoring. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-10-27 /pmc/articles/PMC9647004/ /pubmed/36389660 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.1053582 Text en Copyright © 2022 Herbst, Harshyne and Igyártó https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Immunology Herbst, Christopher Harshyne, Larry A. Igyártó, Botond Z. Intracellular monitoring by dendritic cells – a new way to stay informed – from a simple scavenger to an active gatherer |
title | Intracellular monitoring by dendritic cells – a new way to stay informed – from a simple scavenger to an active gatherer |
title_full | Intracellular monitoring by dendritic cells – a new way to stay informed – from a simple scavenger to an active gatherer |
title_fullStr | Intracellular monitoring by dendritic cells – a new way to stay informed – from a simple scavenger to an active gatherer |
title_full_unstemmed | Intracellular monitoring by dendritic cells – a new way to stay informed – from a simple scavenger to an active gatherer |
title_short | Intracellular monitoring by dendritic cells – a new way to stay informed – from a simple scavenger to an active gatherer |
title_sort | intracellular monitoring by dendritic cells – a new way to stay informed – from a simple scavenger to an active gatherer |
topic | Immunology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9647004/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36389660 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.1053582 |
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