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Impact of dynamic co-evaporation schemes on the growth of methylammonium lead iodide absorbers for inverted solar cells
A variety of different synthesis methods for the fabrication of solar cell absorbers based on the lead halide perovskite methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI(3), MAPI) have been successfully developed in the past. In this work, we elaborate upon vacuum-based dual source co-evaporation as an industriall...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Nature Publishing Group UK
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9649758/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36357470 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-23132-w |
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author | Heidrich, Robert Heinze, Karl L. Berwig, Sebastian Ge, Jie Scheer, Roland Pistor, Paul |
author_facet | Heidrich, Robert Heinze, Karl L. Berwig, Sebastian Ge, Jie Scheer, Roland Pistor, Paul |
author_sort | Heidrich, Robert |
collection | PubMed |
description | A variety of different synthesis methods for the fabrication of solar cell absorbers based on the lead halide perovskite methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI(3), MAPI) have been successfully developed in the past. In this work, we elaborate upon vacuum-based dual source co-evaporation as an industrially attractive processing technology. We present non-stationary processing schemes and concentrate on details of co-evaporation schemes where we intentionally delay the start/end points of one of the two evaporated components (MAI and PbI(2)). Previously, it was found for solar cells based on a regular n-i-p structure, that the pre-evaporation of PbI[Formula: see text] is highly beneficial for absorber growth and solar cell performance. Here, we apply similar non-stationary processing schemes with pre/post-deposition sequences for the growth of MAPI absorbers in an inverted p-i-n solar cell architecture. Solar cell parameters as well as details of the absorber growth are compared for a set of different evaporation schemes. Contrary to our preliminary assumptions, we find the pre-evaporation of PbI(2) to be detrimental in the inverted configuration, indicating that the beneficial effect of the seed layers originates from interface properties related to improved charge carrier transport and extraction across this interface rather than being related to an improved absorber growth. This is further evidenced by a performance improvement of inverted solar cell devices with pre-evaporated MAI and post-deposited PbI(2) layers. Finally, we provide two hypothetical electronic models that might cause the observed effects. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9649758 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Nature Publishing Group UK |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-96497582022-11-15 Impact of dynamic co-evaporation schemes on the growth of methylammonium lead iodide absorbers for inverted solar cells Heidrich, Robert Heinze, Karl L. Berwig, Sebastian Ge, Jie Scheer, Roland Pistor, Paul Sci Rep Article A variety of different synthesis methods for the fabrication of solar cell absorbers based on the lead halide perovskite methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI(3), MAPI) have been successfully developed in the past. In this work, we elaborate upon vacuum-based dual source co-evaporation as an industrially attractive processing technology. We present non-stationary processing schemes and concentrate on details of co-evaporation schemes where we intentionally delay the start/end points of one of the two evaporated components (MAI and PbI(2)). Previously, it was found for solar cells based on a regular n-i-p structure, that the pre-evaporation of PbI[Formula: see text] is highly beneficial for absorber growth and solar cell performance. Here, we apply similar non-stationary processing schemes with pre/post-deposition sequences for the growth of MAPI absorbers in an inverted p-i-n solar cell architecture. Solar cell parameters as well as details of the absorber growth are compared for a set of different evaporation schemes. Contrary to our preliminary assumptions, we find the pre-evaporation of PbI(2) to be detrimental in the inverted configuration, indicating that the beneficial effect of the seed layers originates from interface properties related to improved charge carrier transport and extraction across this interface rather than being related to an improved absorber growth. This is further evidenced by a performance improvement of inverted solar cell devices with pre-evaporated MAI and post-deposited PbI(2) layers. Finally, we provide two hypothetical electronic models that might cause the observed effects. Nature Publishing Group UK 2022-11-10 /pmc/articles/PMC9649758/ /pubmed/36357470 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-23132-w Text en © The Author(s) 2022 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . |
spellingShingle | Article Heidrich, Robert Heinze, Karl L. Berwig, Sebastian Ge, Jie Scheer, Roland Pistor, Paul Impact of dynamic co-evaporation schemes on the growth of methylammonium lead iodide absorbers for inverted solar cells |
title | Impact of dynamic co-evaporation schemes on the growth of methylammonium lead iodide absorbers for inverted solar cells |
title_full | Impact of dynamic co-evaporation schemes on the growth of methylammonium lead iodide absorbers for inverted solar cells |
title_fullStr | Impact of dynamic co-evaporation schemes on the growth of methylammonium lead iodide absorbers for inverted solar cells |
title_full_unstemmed | Impact of dynamic co-evaporation schemes on the growth of methylammonium lead iodide absorbers for inverted solar cells |
title_short | Impact of dynamic co-evaporation schemes on the growth of methylammonium lead iodide absorbers for inverted solar cells |
title_sort | impact of dynamic co-evaporation schemes on the growth of methylammonium lead iodide absorbers for inverted solar cells |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9649758/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36357470 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-23132-w |
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