Developing an app-based self-management program for people living with HIV: a randomized controlled pilot study during the COVID-19 pandemic

People living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH) in Korea demonstrate insufficient self-management behaviors. Especially during pandemics such as COVID-19, technology-based self-management programs are needed to overcome time and space limitations. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of a self-management program using a mobile app (Health Manager) on self-management outcomes among PLWH in Korea. A randomized controlled pilot trial was performed and participants were enrolled in the infectious outpatient clinic of a single hospital. The intervention group used the mobile app for 4 weeks, while the control group received self-management education materials in a portable document format. The online self-report questionnaire assessed primary outcomes including self-efficacy for self-management, self-management behaviors, and medication adherence, and secondary outcomes including perceived health status, depression, and perceived stigma. Thirty-three participants were randomly assigned to the intervention (n = 17) or the control group (n = 16). In the intention-to-treat analysis, self-efficacy for self-management and self-management behaviors increased, while perceived stigma decreased. The app-based self-management program could be considered a helpful strategy to improve self-management outcomes among PLWH and reduce their perceived stigma during the pandemic. Further studies with larger samples and longer follow-ups are needed. Trial registration: Clinical Research Information Service, KCT0004696 [04/02/2020].