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Ultrasonic-Assisted Rapid Preparation of Sulfonated Polyether Ether Ketone (PEEK) and Its Testing in Adsorption of Cationic Species from Aqueous Solutions
Herein, we report a new approach for the sulfonation of polyether ether ketone (PEEK) following a shorter path of reaction undertaken at 60 °C under ultrasonication. The application of this method enabled the reduction of the reaction time from several hours to less than one hour, achieving a releva...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9654382/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36363150 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15217558 |
Sumario: | Herein, we report a new approach for the sulfonation of polyether ether ketone (PEEK) following a shorter path of reaction undertaken at 60 °C under ultrasonication. The application of this method enabled the reduction of the reaction time from several hours to less than one hour, achieving a relevant sulfonation degree. The sulfonated-PEEK (SPEEK) was characterized by advanced chemical and physical instrumental methods. According to (1)H-NMR analysis, the degree of sulfonation of the polymer was equal to 70.3%. Advanced microscopy (SEM) showed that the fabricated SPEEK beads (2–4 mm) were porous inside with a log-normal distribution of pore sizes within the range 1.13–151.44 μm. As an application, the SPEEK polymer was tested for the adsorption of a cationic organic pollutant (Methylene blue, MB) from aqueous solutions. The equilibrium studies (isotherms) disclosed maximum adsorption capacities of 217 mg/g, 119 mg/g, and 68 mg/g at temperatures of 323 K, 313 K, and 300 K, respectively. The thermodynamic calculations indicated an endothermic effect (ΔH(ad) = +11.81 kJ/mol) of the investigated adsorption process. The maximum removal efficiency of 99.14% was established by process optimization using the design of experiments strategy and data-driven modeling. Additionally, molecular docking simulations were performed to disclose the mechanism of interaction at the molecular level between the adsorbent (SPEEK) and pollutant. |
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