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Co-Treatment of Caco-2 Cells with Doxorubicin and Gold Nanoparticles Produced from Cyclopia intermedia Extracts or Mangiferin Enhances Drug Effects
Mangiferin (MGF) is a natural and valuable polyphenol found in significant levels in many plant species, including Cyclopia intermedia (C. intermedia). In a previous study, we synthesized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) using MGF and a water extract of C. intermedia and reported that these AuNPs have ver...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9654788/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36364694 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12213918 |
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author | Aboyewa, Jumoke A. Sibuyi, Nicole R. S. Goboza, Mediline Murtz, Lee-Ann Oguntibeju, Oluwafemi O. Meyer, Mervin |
author_facet | Aboyewa, Jumoke A. Sibuyi, Nicole R. S. Goboza, Mediline Murtz, Lee-Ann Oguntibeju, Oluwafemi O. Meyer, Mervin |
author_sort | Aboyewa, Jumoke A. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Mangiferin (MGF) is a natural and valuable polyphenol found in significant levels in many plant species, including Cyclopia intermedia (C. intermedia). In a previous study, we synthesized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) using MGF and a water extract of C. intermedia and reported that these AuNPs have very low cytotoxicity toward a human colon cancer (Caco-2) cell line. Although the study also showed that these biogenic AuNPs in combination with doxorubic (DOX) significantly augmented the cytotoxic effects of DOX in Caco-2 cells, the mechanism of the enhanced effect was not fully understood, and it was also not known if other cell lines would be sensitive to this co-treatment. In the present study, we examined the cytotoxicity of the co-treatment in Caski, HeLa, HT-29, KMST-6 and MDA-321 cell lines. Additionally, we investigated the mechanistic effects of this co-treatment in Caco-2 cells using several assays, including the adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the oxidative stress, the mitochondrial depolarization, the colony formation, the APOPercentage and the DNA fragmentation assays. We also assessed the intracellular uptake of the biogenic AuNPs. The study showed that the biogenic AuNPs were effectively taken up by the cancer cells, which, in turn, may have enhanced the sensitivity of Caco-2 cells to DOX. Moreover, the combination of the biogenic AuNPs and DOX caused a rapid depletion of ATP levels, increased mitochondrial depolarization, induced apoptosis, reduced the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inhibited the long-term survival of Caco-2 cells. Although the study provided some insight into the mechanism of cytotoxicity induced by the co-treatment, further mechanistic and molecular studies are required to fully elucidate the enhanced anticancer effect of the co-treatment. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9654788 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-96547882022-11-15 Co-Treatment of Caco-2 Cells with Doxorubicin and Gold Nanoparticles Produced from Cyclopia intermedia Extracts or Mangiferin Enhances Drug Effects Aboyewa, Jumoke A. Sibuyi, Nicole R. S. Goboza, Mediline Murtz, Lee-Ann Oguntibeju, Oluwafemi O. Meyer, Mervin Nanomaterials (Basel) Article Mangiferin (MGF) is a natural and valuable polyphenol found in significant levels in many plant species, including Cyclopia intermedia (C. intermedia). In a previous study, we synthesized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) using MGF and a water extract of C. intermedia and reported that these AuNPs have very low cytotoxicity toward a human colon cancer (Caco-2) cell line. Although the study also showed that these biogenic AuNPs in combination with doxorubic (DOX) significantly augmented the cytotoxic effects of DOX in Caco-2 cells, the mechanism of the enhanced effect was not fully understood, and it was also not known if other cell lines would be sensitive to this co-treatment. In the present study, we examined the cytotoxicity of the co-treatment in Caski, HeLa, HT-29, KMST-6 and MDA-321 cell lines. Additionally, we investigated the mechanistic effects of this co-treatment in Caco-2 cells using several assays, including the adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the oxidative stress, the mitochondrial depolarization, the colony formation, the APOPercentage and the DNA fragmentation assays. We also assessed the intracellular uptake of the biogenic AuNPs. The study showed that the biogenic AuNPs were effectively taken up by the cancer cells, which, in turn, may have enhanced the sensitivity of Caco-2 cells to DOX. Moreover, the combination of the biogenic AuNPs and DOX caused a rapid depletion of ATP levels, increased mitochondrial depolarization, induced apoptosis, reduced the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inhibited the long-term survival of Caco-2 cells. Although the study provided some insight into the mechanism of cytotoxicity induced by the co-treatment, further mechanistic and molecular studies are required to fully elucidate the enhanced anticancer effect of the co-treatment. MDPI 2022-11-07 /pmc/articles/PMC9654788/ /pubmed/36364694 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12213918 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Aboyewa, Jumoke A. Sibuyi, Nicole R. S. Goboza, Mediline Murtz, Lee-Ann Oguntibeju, Oluwafemi O. Meyer, Mervin Co-Treatment of Caco-2 Cells with Doxorubicin and Gold Nanoparticles Produced from Cyclopia intermedia Extracts or Mangiferin Enhances Drug Effects |
title | Co-Treatment of Caco-2 Cells with Doxorubicin and Gold Nanoparticles Produced from Cyclopia intermedia Extracts or Mangiferin Enhances Drug Effects |
title_full | Co-Treatment of Caco-2 Cells with Doxorubicin and Gold Nanoparticles Produced from Cyclopia intermedia Extracts or Mangiferin Enhances Drug Effects |
title_fullStr | Co-Treatment of Caco-2 Cells with Doxorubicin and Gold Nanoparticles Produced from Cyclopia intermedia Extracts or Mangiferin Enhances Drug Effects |
title_full_unstemmed | Co-Treatment of Caco-2 Cells with Doxorubicin and Gold Nanoparticles Produced from Cyclopia intermedia Extracts or Mangiferin Enhances Drug Effects |
title_short | Co-Treatment of Caco-2 Cells with Doxorubicin and Gold Nanoparticles Produced from Cyclopia intermedia Extracts or Mangiferin Enhances Drug Effects |
title_sort | co-treatment of caco-2 cells with doxorubicin and gold nanoparticles produced from cyclopia intermedia extracts or mangiferin enhances drug effects |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9654788/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36364694 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12213918 |
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