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Risk Factors Affecting Development and Persistence of Preschool Wheezing: Consensus Document of the Emilia-Romagna Asthma (ERA) Study Group
Wheezing at preschool age (i.e., before the age of six) is common, occurring in about 30% of children before the age of three. In terms of health care burden, preschool children with wheeze show double the rate of access to the emergency department and five times the rate of hospital admissions comp...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9655250/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36362786 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11216558 |
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author | Grandinetti, Roberto Fainardi, Valentina Caffarelli, Carlo Capoferri, Gaia Lazzara, Angela Tornesello, Marco Meoli, Aniello Bergamini, Barbara Maria Bertelli, Luca Biserna, Loretta Bottau, Paolo Corinaldesi, Elena De Paulis, Nicoletta Dondi, Arianna Guidi, Battista Lombardi, Francesca Magistrali, Maria Sole Marastoni, Elisabetta Pastorelli, Silvia Piccorossi, Alessandra Poloni, Maurizio Tagliati, Sylvie Vaienti, Francesca Gregori, Giuseppe Sacchetti, Roberto Mari, Sandra Musetti, Manuela Antodaro, Francesco Bergomi, Andrea Reggiani, Lamberto Caramelli, Fabio De Fanti, Alessandro Marchetti, Federico Ricci, Giampaolo Esposito, Susanna |
author_facet | Grandinetti, Roberto Fainardi, Valentina Caffarelli, Carlo Capoferri, Gaia Lazzara, Angela Tornesello, Marco Meoli, Aniello Bergamini, Barbara Maria Bertelli, Luca Biserna, Loretta Bottau, Paolo Corinaldesi, Elena De Paulis, Nicoletta Dondi, Arianna Guidi, Battista Lombardi, Francesca Magistrali, Maria Sole Marastoni, Elisabetta Pastorelli, Silvia Piccorossi, Alessandra Poloni, Maurizio Tagliati, Sylvie Vaienti, Francesca Gregori, Giuseppe Sacchetti, Roberto Mari, Sandra Musetti, Manuela Antodaro, Francesco Bergomi, Andrea Reggiani, Lamberto Caramelli, Fabio De Fanti, Alessandro Marchetti, Federico Ricci, Giampaolo Esposito, Susanna |
author_sort | Grandinetti, Roberto |
collection | PubMed |
description | Wheezing at preschool age (i.e., before the age of six) is common, occurring in about 30% of children before the age of three. In terms of health care burden, preschool children with wheeze show double the rate of access to the emergency department and five times the rate of hospital admissions compared with school-age asthmatics. The consensus document aims to analyse the underlying mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of preschool wheezing and define the risk factors (i.e., allergy, atopy, infection, bronchiolitis, genetics, indoor and outdoor pollution, tobacco smoke exposure, obesity, prematurity) and the protective factors (i.e., probiotics, breastfeeding, vitamin D, influenza vaccination, non-specific immunomodulators) associated with the development of the disease in the young child. A multidisciplinary panel of experts from the Emilia-Romagna Region, Italy, addressed twelve key questions regarding managing preschool wheezing. Clinical questions have been formulated by the expert panel using the PICO format (Patients, Intervention, Comparison, Outcomes). Systematic reviews have been conducted on PubMed to answer these specific questions and formulate recommendations. The GRADE approach has been used for each selected paper to assess the quality of the evidence and the degree of recommendations. Based on a panel of experts and extensive updated literature, this consensus document provides insight into the pathogenesis, risk and protective factors associated with the development and persistence of preschool wheezing. Undoubtedly, more research is needed to improve our understanding of the disease and confirm the associations between certain factors and the risk of wheezing in early life. In addition, preventive strategies must be promoted to avoid children’s exposure to risk factors that may permanently affect respiratory health. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9655250 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-96552502022-11-15 Risk Factors Affecting Development and Persistence of Preschool Wheezing: Consensus Document of the Emilia-Romagna Asthma (ERA) Study Group Grandinetti, Roberto Fainardi, Valentina Caffarelli, Carlo Capoferri, Gaia Lazzara, Angela Tornesello, Marco Meoli, Aniello Bergamini, Barbara Maria Bertelli, Luca Biserna, Loretta Bottau, Paolo Corinaldesi, Elena De Paulis, Nicoletta Dondi, Arianna Guidi, Battista Lombardi, Francesca Magistrali, Maria Sole Marastoni, Elisabetta Pastorelli, Silvia Piccorossi, Alessandra Poloni, Maurizio Tagliati, Sylvie Vaienti, Francesca Gregori, Giuseppe Sacchetti, Roberto Mari, Sandra Musetti, Manuela Antodaro, Francesco Bergomi, Andrea Reggiani, Lamberto Caramelli, Fabio De Fanti, Alessandro Marchetti, Federico Ricci, Giampaolo Esposito, Susanna J Clin Med Article Wheezing at preschool age (i.e., before the age of six) is common, occurring in about 30% of children before the age of three. In terms of health care burden, preschool children with wheeze show double the rate of access to the emergency department and five times the rate of hospital admissions compared with school-age asthmatics. The consensus document aims to analyse the underlying mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of preschool wheezing and define the risk factors (i.e., allergy, atopy, infection, bronchiolitis, genetics, indoor and outdoor pollution, tobacco smoke exposure, obesity, prematurity) and the protective factors (i.e., probiotics, breastfeeding, vitamin D, influenza vaccination, non-specific immunomodulators) associated with the development of the disease in the young child. A multidisciplinary panel of experts from the Emilia-Romagna Region, Italy, addressed twelve key questions regarding managing preschool wheezing. Clinical questions have been formulated by the expert panel using the PICO format (Patients, Intervention, Comparison, Outcomes). Systematic reviews have been conducted on PubMed to answer these specific questions and formulate recommendations. The GRADE approach has been used for each selected paper to assess the quality of the evidence and the degree of recommendations. Based on a panel of experts and extensive updated literature, this consensus document provides insight into the pathogenesis, risk and protective factors associated with the development and persistence of preschool wheezing. Undoubtedly, more research is needed to improve our understanding of the disease and confirm the associations between certain factors and the risk of wheezing in early life. In addition, preventive strategies must be promoted to avoid children’s exposure to risk factors that may permanently affect respiratory health. MDPI 2022-11-04 /pmc/articles/PMC9655250/ /pubmed/36362786 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11216558 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Grandinetti, Roberto Fainardi, Valentina Caffarelli, Carlo Capoferri, Gaia Lazzara, Angela Tornesello, Marco Meoli, Aniello Bergamini, Barbara Maria Bertelli, Luca Biserna, Loretta Bottau, Paolo Corinaldesi, Elena De Paulis, Nicoletta Dondi, Arianna Guidi, Battista Lombardi, Francesca Magistrali, Maria Sole Marastoni, Elisabetta Pastorelli, Silvia Piccorossi, Alessandra Poloni, Maurizio Tagliati, Sylvie Vaienti, Francesca Gregori, Giuseppe Sacchetti, Roberto Mari, Sandra Musetti, Manuela Antodaro, Francesco Bergomi, Andrea Reggiani, Lamberto Caramelli, Fabio De Fanti, Alessandro Marchetti, Federico Ricci, Giampaolo Esposito, Susanna Risk Factors Affecting Development and Persistence of Preschool Wheezing: Consensus Document of the Emilia-Romagna Asthma (ERA) Study Group |
title | Risk Factors Affecting Development and Persistence of Preschool Wheezing: Consensus Document of the Emilia-Romagna Asthma (ERA) Study Group |
title_full | Risk Factors Affecting Development and Persistence of Preschool Wheezing: Consensus Document of the Emilia-Romagna Asthma (ERA) Study Group |
title_fullStr | Risk Factors Affecting Development and Persistence of Preschool Wheezing: Consensus Document of the Emilia-Romagna Asthma (ERA) Study Group |
title_full_unstemmed | Risk Factors Affecting Development and Persistence of Preschool Wheezing: Consensus Document of the Emilia-Romagna Asthma (ERA) Study Group |
title_short | Risk Factors Affecting Development and Persistence of Preschool Wheezing: Consensus Document of the Emilia-Romagna Asthma (ERA) Study Group |
title_sort | risk factors affecting development and persistence of preschool wheezing: consensus document of the emilia-romagna asthma (era) study group |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9655250/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36362786 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11216558 |
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