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Geopolymer Ceramic Application: A Review on Mix Design, Properties and Reinforcement Enhancement
Geopolymers have been intensively explored over the past several decades and considered as green materials and may be synthesised from natural sources and wastes. Global attention has been generated by the use of kaolin and calcined kaolin in the production of ceramics, green cement, and concrete fo...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9655266/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36363159 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15217567 |
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author | Mohd Mortar, Nurul Aida Abdullah, Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdul Razak, Rafiza Abd Rahim, Shayfull Zamree Aziz, Ikmal Hakem Nabiałek, Marcin Jaya, Ramadhansyah Putra Semenescu, Augustin Mohamed, Rosnita Ghazali, Mohd Fathullah |
author_facet | Mohd Mortar, Nurul Aida Abdullah, Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdul Razak, Rafiza Abd Rahim, Shayfull Zamree Aziz, Ikmal Hakem Nabiałek, Marcin Jaya, Ramadhansyah Putra Semenescu, Augustin Mohamed, Rosnita Ghazali, Mohd Fathullah |
author_sort | Mohd Mortar, Nurul Aida |
collection | PubMed |
description | Geopolymers have been intensively explored over the past several decades and considered as green materials and may be synthesised from natural sources and wastes. Global attention has been generated by the use of kaolin and calcined kaolin in the production of ceramics, green cement, and concrete for the construction industry and composite materials. The previous findings on ceramic geopolymer mix design and factors affecting their suitability as green ceramics are reviewed. It has been found that kaolin offers significant benefit for ceramic geopolymer applications, including excellent chemical resistance, good mechanical properties, and good thermal properties that allow it to sinter at a low temperature, 200 °C. The review showed that ceramic geopolymers can be made from kaolin with a low calcination temperature that have similar properties to those made from high calcined temperature. However, the choice of alkali activator and chemical composition should be carefully investigated, especially under normal curing conditions, 27 °C. A comprehensive review of the properties of kaolin ceramic geopolymers is also presented, including compressive strength, chemical composition, morphological, and phase analysis. This review also highlights recent findings on the range of sintering temperature in the ceramic geopolymer field which should be performed between 600 °C and 1200 °C. A brief understanding of kaolin geopolymers with a few types of reinforcement towards property enhancement were covered. To improve toughness, the role of zirconia was highlighted. The addition of zirconia between 10% and 40% in geopolymer materials promises better properties and the mechanism reaction is presented. Findings from the review should be used to identify potential strategies that could develop the performance of the kaolin ceramic geopolymers industry in the electronics industry, cement, and biomedical materials. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9655266 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-96552662022-11-15 Geopolymer Ceramic Application: A Review on Mix Design, Properties and Reinforcement Enhancement Mohd Mortar, Nurul Aida Abdullah, Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdul Razak, Rafiza Abd Rahim, Shayfull Zamree Aziz, Ikmal Hakem Nabiałek, Marcin Jaya, Ramadhansyah Putra Semenescu, Augustin Mohamed, Rosnita Ghazali, Mohd Fathullah Materials (Basel) Review Geopolymers have been intensively explored over the past several decades and considered as green materials and may be synthesised from natural sources and wastes. Global attention has been generated by the use of kaolin and calcined kaolin in the production of ceramics, green cement, and concrete for the construction industry and composite materials. The previous findings on ceramic geopolymer mix design and factors affecting their suitability as green ceramics are reviewed. It has been found that kaolin offers significant benefit for ceramic geopolymer applications, including excellent chemical resistance, good mechanical properties, and good thermal properties that allow it to sinter at a low temperature, 200 °C. The review showed that ceramic geopolymers can be made from kaolin with a low calcination temperature that have similar properties to those made from high calcined temperature. However, the choice of alkali activator and chemical composition should be carefully investigated, especially under normal curing conditions, 27 °C. A comprehensive review of the properties of kaolin ceramic geopolymers is also presented, including compressive strength, chemical composition, morphological, and phase analysis. This review also highlights recent findings on the range of sintering temperature in the ceramic geopolymer field which should be performed between 600 °C and 1200 °C. A brief understanding of kaolin geopolymers with a few types of reinforcement towards property enhancement were covered. To improve toughness, the role of zirconia was highlighted. The addition of zirconia between 10% and 40% in geopolymer materials promises better properties and the mechanism reaction is presented. Findings from the review should be used to identify potential strategies that could develop the performance of the kaolin ceramic geopolymers industry in the electronics industry, cement, and biomedical materials. MDPI 2022-10-28 /pmc/articles/PMC9655266/ /pubmed/36363159 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15217567 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Mohd Mortar, Nurul Aida Abdullah, Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdul Razak, Rafiza Abd Rahim, Shayfull Zamree Aziz, Ikmal Hakem Nabiałek, Marcin Jaya, Ramadhansyah Putra Semenescu, Augustin Mohamed, Rosnita Ghazali, Mohd Fathullah Geopolymer Ceramic Application: A Review on Mix Design, Properties and Reinforcement Enhancement |
title | Geopolymer Ceramic Application: A Review on Mix Design, Properties and Reinforcement Enhancement |
title_full | Geopolymer Ceramic Application: A Review on Mix Design, Properties and Reinforcement Enhancement |
title_fullStr | Geopolymer Ceramic Application: A Review on Mix Design, Properties and Reinforcement Enhancement |
title_full_unstemmed | Geopolymer Ceramic Application: A Review on Mix Design, Properties and Reinforcement Enhancement |
title_short | Geopolymer Ceramic Application: A Review on Mix Design, Properties and Reinforcement Enhancement |
title_sort | geopolymer ceramic application: a review on mix design, properties and reinforcement enhancement |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9655266/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36363159 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15217567 |
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