Design and Characterization of In-One Protease-Esterase PluriZyme

Proteases are abundant in prokaryotic genomes (~10 per genome), but their recovery encounters expression problems, as only 1% can be produced at high levels; this value differs from that of similarly abundant esterases (1–15 per genome), 50% of which can be expressed at good levels. Here, we design a catalytically efficient artificial protease that can be easily produced. The PluriZyme EH(1AB1) with two active sites supporting the esterase activity was employed. A Leu24Cys mutation in EH(1AB1), remodelled one of the esterase sites into a proteolytic one through the incorporation of a catalytic dyad (Cys24 and His214). The resulting artificial enzyme, EH(1AB1C), efficiently hydrolysed (azo)casein at pH 6.5–8.0 and 60–70 °C. The presence of both esterase and protease activities in the same scaffold allowed the one-pot cascade synthesis (55.0 ± 0.6% conversion, 24 h) of L-histidine methyl ester from the dipeptide L-carnosine in the presence of methanol. This study demonstrates that active sites supporting proteolytic activity can be artificially introduced into an esterase scaffold to design easy-to-produce in-one protease-esterase PluriZymes for cascade reactions, namely, the synthesis of amino acid esters from dipeptides. It is also possible to design artificial proteases with good production yields, in contrast to natural proteases that are difficult to express.