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The Genome of the Mitochondrion-Related Organelle in Cepedea longa, a Large Endosymbiotic Opalinid Inhabiting the Recta of Frogs

Mitochondrion-related organelles (MROs) are loosely defined as degenerated mitochondria in anaerobic and microaerophilic lineages. Opalinids are commonly regarded as commensals in the guts of cold-blooded amphibians. It may represent an intermediate adaptation stage between the conventional aerobic...

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Autores principales: Zhao, Weishan, Bu, Xialian, Zou, Hong, Li, Wenxiang, Wu, Shangong, Li, Ming, Wang, Guitang
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9656049/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36362255
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232113472
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author Zhao, Weishan
Bu, Xialian
Zou, Hong
Li, Wenxiang
Wu, Shangong
Li, Ming
Wang, Guitang
author_facet Zhao, Weishan
Bu, Xialian
Zou, Hong
Li, Wenxiang
Wu, Shangong
Li, Ming
Wang, Guitang
author_sort Zhao, Weishan
collection PubMed
description Mitochondrion-related organelles (MROs) are loosely defined as degenerated mitochondria in anaerobic and microaerophilic lineages. Opalinids are commonly regarded as commensals in the guts of cold-blooded amphibians. It may represent an intermediate adaptation stage between the conventional aerobic mitochondria and derived anaerobic MROs. In the present study, we sequenced and analyzed the MRO genome of Cepedea longa. It has a linear MRO genome with large inverted repeat gene regions at both ends. Compared to Blastocystis and Proteromonas lacertae, the MRO genome of C. longa has a higher G + C content and repeat sequences near the central region. Although three Opalinata species have different morphological characteristics, phylogenetic analyses based on eight concatenated nad genes indicate that they are close relatives. The phylogenetic analysis showed that C. longa clustered with P. lacertae with strong support. The 18S rRNA gene-based phylogeny resolved the Opalinea clade as a sister clade to Karotomorpha, which then further grouped with Proteromonas. The paraphyly of Proteromonadea needs to be verified due to the lack of MRO genomes for key species, such as Karotomorpha, Opalina and Protoopalina. Besides, our dataset and analyses offered slight support for the paraphyly of Bigyra.
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spelling pubmed-96560492022-11-15 The Genome of the Mitochondrion-Related Organelle in Cepedea longa, a Large Endosymbiotic Opalinid Inhabiting the Recta of Frogs Zhao, Weishan Bu, Xialian Zou, Hong Li, Wenxiang Wu, Shangong Li, Ming Wang, Guitang Int J Mol Sci Article Mitochondrion-related organelles (MROs) are loosely defined as degenerated mitochondria in anaerobic and microaerophilic lineages. Opalinids are commonly regarded as commensals in the guts of cold-blooded amphibians. It may represent an intermediate adaptation stage between the conventional aerobic mitochondria and derived anaerobic MROs. In the present study, we sequenced and analyzed the MRO genome of Cepedea longa. It has a linear MRO genome with large inverted repeat gene regions at both ends. Compared to Blastocystis and Proteromonas lacertae, the MRO genome of C. longa has a higher G + C content and repeat sequences near the central region. Although three Opalinata species have different morphological characteristics, phylogenetic analyses based on eight concatenated nad genes indicate that they are close relatives. The phylogenetic analysis showed that C. longa clustered with P. lacertae with strong support. The 18S rRNA gene-based phylogeny resolved the Opalinea clade as a sister clade to Karotomorpha, which then further grouped with Proteromonas. The paraphyly of Proteromonadea needs to be verified due to the lack of MRO genomes for key species, such as Karotomorpha, Opalina and Protoopalina. Besides, our dataset and analyses offered slight support for the paraphyly of Bigyra. MDPI 2022-11-03 /pmc/articles/PMC9656049/ /pubmed/36362255 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232113472 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Zhao, Weishan
Bu, Xialian
Zou, Hong
Li, Wenxiang
Wu, Shangong
Li, Ming
Wang, Guitang
The Genome of the Mitochondrion-Related Organelle in Cepedea longa, a Large Endosymbiotic Opalinid Inhabiting the Recta of Frogs
title The Genome of the Mitochondrion-Related Organelle in Cepedea longa, a Large Endosymbiotic Opalinid Inhabiting the Recta of Frogs
title_full The Genome of the Mitochondrion-Related Organelle in Cepedea longa, a Large Endosymbiotic Opalinid Inhabiting the Recta of Frogs
title_fullStr The Genome of the Mitochondrion-Related Organelle in Cepedea longa, a Large Endosymbiotic Opalinid Inhabiting the Recta of Frogs
title_full_unstemmed The Genome of the Mitochondrion-Related Organelle in Cepedea longa, a Large Endosymbiotic Opalinid Inhabiting the Recta of Frogs
title_short The Genome of the Mitochondrion-Related Organelle in Cepedea longa, a Large Endosymbiotic Opalinid Inhabiting the Recta of Frogs
title_sort genome of the mitochondrion-related organelle in cepedea longa, a large endosymbiotic opalinid inhabiting the recta of frogs
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9656049/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36362255
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232113472
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