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Effect of Size and Concentration of Copper Nanoparticles on the Antimicrobial Activity in Escherichia coli through Multiple Mechanisms
Metal and metal oxide nanoparticles, including copper nanoparticles (CuNPs), display antimicrobial activities and are regarded as promising microorganism inhibitors. Here, we explored the antimicrobial activity of CuNPs in Escherichia coli (E. coli) using two particle sizes (20 and 60 nm) and five c...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9656174/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36364491 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12213715 |
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author | Lai, Meng-Jiun Huang, Yue-Wern Chen, Hsuan-Chun Tsao, Li-I Chang Chien, Chih-Fang Singh, Bhaskar Liu, Betty Revon |
author_facet | Lai, Meng-Jiun Huang, Yue-Wern Chen, Hsuan-Chun Tsao, Li-I Chang Chien, Chih-Fang Singh, Bhaskar Liu, Betty Revon |
author_sort | Lai, Meng-Jiun |
collection | PubMed |
description | Metal and metal oxide nanoparticles, including copper nanoparticles (CuNPs), display antimicrobial activities and are regarded as promising microorganism inhibitors. Here, we explored the antimicrobial activity of CuNPs in Escherichia coli (E. coli) using two particle sizes (20 and 60 nm) and five concentrations (1, 5, 10, 50 and 100 μg/mL). The result showed a concentration-dependent trend of bactericidal activities for both size groups, with 20 nm particles more effective than 60 nm particles at low concentrations. The membrane disruption caused by CuNPs was confirmed by electron microscopy, PI staining and protein leaking analysis. However, the results of reactive oxygen species generation and genomic DNA damage revealed that the size and concentration of CuNPs were factors affecting the induction of multiple bactericidal mechanisms simultaneously on different scales. Further results of annexin V-PI staining supported this hypothesis by showing the shifting composition of the early-, late- and non-apoptotic dead cells across the CuNP groups. Many CuNP treatment groups were rescued when four mammalian modulators—wortmannin, necrosulfonamide, Z-VAD-FMK, and SBI-0206965—were applied separately. The results suggest the possible existence of bacterial programmed cell death pathways in E. coli which could be triggered by CuNP treatments. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9656174 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-96561742022-11-15 Effect of Size and Concentration of Copper Nanoparticles on the Antimicrobial Activity in Escherichia coli through Multiple Mechanisms Lai, Meng-Jiun Huang, Yue-Wern Chen, Hsuan-Chun Tsao, Li-I Chang Chien, Chih-Fang Singh, Bhaskar Liu, Betty Revon Nanomaterials (Basel) Article Metal and metal oxide nanoparticles, including copper nanoparticles (CuNPs), display antimicrobial activities and are regarded as promising microorganism inhibitors. Here, we explored the antimicrobial activity of CuNPs in Escherichia coli (E. coli) using two particle sizes (20 and 60 nm) and five concentrations (1, 5, 10, 50 and 100 μg/mL). The result showed a concentration-dependent trend of bactericidal activities for both size groups, with 20 nm particles more effective than 60 nm particles at low concentrations. The membrane disruption caused by CuNPs was confirmed by electron microscopy, PI staining and protein leaking analysis. However, the results of reactive oxygen species generation and genomic DNA damage revealed that the size and concentration of CuNPs were factors affecting the induction of multiple bactericidal mechanisms simultaneously on different scales. Further results of annexin V-PI staining supported this hypothesis by showing the shifting composition of the early-, late- and non-apoptotic dead cells across the CuNP groups. Many CuNP treatment groups were rescued when four mammalian modulators—wortmannin, necrosulfonamide, Z-VAD-FMK, and SBI-0206965—were applied separately. The results suggest the possible existence of bacterial programmed cell death pathways in E. coli which could be triggered by CuNP treatments. MDPI 2022-10-22 /pmc/articles/PMC9656174/ /pubmed/36364491 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12213715 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Lai, Meng-Jiun Huang, Yue-Wern Chen, Hsuan-Chun Tsao, Li-I Chang Chien, Chih-Fang Singh, Bhaskar Liu, Betty Revon Effect of Size and Concentration of Copper Nanoparticles on the Antimicrobial Activity in Escherichia coli through Multiple Mechanisms |
title | Effect of Size and Concentration of Copper Nanoparticles on the Antimicrobial Activity in Escherichia coli through Multiple Mechanisms |
title_full | Effect of Size and Concentration of Copper Nanoparticles on the Antimicrobial Activity in Escherichia coli through Multiple Mechanisms |
title_fullStr | Effect of Size and Concentration of Copper Nanoparticles on the Antimicrobial Activity in Escherichia coli through Multiple Mechanisms |
title_full_unstemmed | Effect of Size and Concentration of Copper Nanoparticles on the Antimicrobial Activity in Escherichia coli through Multiple Mechanisms |
title_short | Effect of Size and Concentration of Copper Nanoparticles on the Antimicrobial Activity in Escherichia coli through Multiple Mechanisms |
title_sort | effect of size and concentration of copper nanoparticles on the antimicrobial activity in escherichia coli through multiple mechanisms |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9656174/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36364491 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12213715 |
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