Advanced Techniques for the Intelligent Diagnosis of Fish Diseases: A Review

SIMPLE SUMMARY: The automatic diagnosis of fish diseases is an important task in smart aquaculture, and plays a key role in detecting fish conditions, understanding disease signs, and improving fish welfare and health. This paper reviews the latest advances in intelligent fish disease diagnosis techniques for aquatic applications. To acquire high-quality images to improve the accuracy of fish disease diagnosis, the paper reviews, in the second paragraph, how image-processing techniques can be used to acquire high-quality images. The third paragraph of this paper reviews the methods of intelligent fish disease diagnosis, including expert system detection, camera image detection, microscope image detection, spectral image detection, fluorescence image detection, ultrasonic image detection, and sensor detection methods. Additionally, the advantages and disadvantages of each detection method are summarized, including whether they cause damage to the fish body. Finally, we put forward the prospect of the intelligent detection of fish diseases and summarize the methods that may be used in the intelligent diagnosis of fish disease. ABSTRACT: Aquatic products, as essential sources of protein, have attracted considerable concern by producers and consumers. Precise fish disease prevention and treatment may provide not only healthy fish protein but also ecological and economic benefits. However, unlike intelligent two-dimensional diagnoses of plants and crops, one of the most serious challenges confronted in intelligent aquaculture diagnosis is its three-dimensional space. Expert systems have been applied to diagnose fish diseases in recent decades, allowing for restricted diagnosis of certain aquaculture. However, this method needs aquaculture professionals and specialists. In addition, diagnosis speed and efficiency are limited. Therefore, developing a new quick, automatic, and real-time diagnosis approach is very critical. The integration of image-processing and computer vision technology intelligently allows the diagnosis of fish diseases. This study comprehensively reviews image-processing technology and image-based fish disease detection methods, and analyzes the benefits and drawbacks of each diagnostic approach in different environments. Although it is widely acknowledged that there are many approaches for disease diagnosis and pathogen identification, some improvements in detection accuracy and speed are still needed. Constructing AR 3D images of fish diseases, standard and shared datasets, deep learning, and data fusion techniques will be helpful in improving the accuracy and speed of fish disease diagnosis.