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Fatty Acid Biosynthesis Pathways Are Downregulated during Stigma Development and Are Critical during Self-Incompatible Responses in Ornamental Kale

In Brassicaceae, the papillary cells of the stigma are the primary site of the self-incompatibility (SI) responses. SI preserves the genetic diversity by selectively rejecting irrelevant or incompatible pollen, thus promoting cross fertilization and species fitness. Mechanisms that regulate SI respo...

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Autores principales: Qin, Hongtao, Li, Hang, Abhinandan, Kumar, Xun, Baoru, Yao, Kun, Shi, Jiayuan, Zhao, Ruoxi, Li, Mugeng, Wu, Ying, Lan, Xingguo
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9656282/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36361887
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232113102
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author Qin, Hongtao
Li, Hang
Abhinandan, Kumar
Xun, Baoru
Yao, Kun
Shi, Jiayuan
Zhao, Ruoxi
Li, Mugeng
Wu, Ying
Lan, Xingguo
author_facet Qin, Hongtao
Li, Hang
Abhinandan, Kumar
Xun, Baoru
Yao, Kun
Shi, Jiayuan
Zhao, Ruoxi
Li, Mugeng
Wu, Ying
Lan, Xingguo
author_sort Qin, Hongtao
collection PubMed
description In Brassicaceae, the papillary cells of the stigma are the primary site of the self-incompatibility (SI) responses. SI preserves the genetic diversity by selectively rejecting irrelevant or incompatible pollen, thus promoting cross fertilization and species fitness. Mechanisms that regulate SI responses in Brassica have been studied mainly on the mature stigma that often undermines how stigma papillary cells attain the state of SI during development. To understand this, we integrated PacBio SMRT-seq with Illumina RNA-seq to construct a de novo full-length transcriptomic database for different stages of stigma development in ornamental kale. A total of 48,800 non-redundant transcripts, 31,269 novel transcripts, 24,015 genes, 13,390 alternative splicing, 22,389 simple sequence repeats, 21,816 complete ORF sequences, and 4591 lncRNAs were identified and analyzed using PacBio SMRT-seq. The Illumina RNA-seq revealed 15,712 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 8619 transcription factors. The KEGG enrichment analysis of 4038 DEGs in the “incompatibility” group revealed that the flavonoid and fatty acid biosynthesis pathways were significantly enriched. The cluster and qRT-PCR analysis indicated that 11 and 14 candidate genes for the flavonoid and fatty acid biosynthesis pathways have the lowest expression levels at stigma maturation, respectively. To understand the physiological relevance of the downregulation of fatty acid biosynthesis pathways, we performed inhibitor feeding assays on the mature stigma. The compatible pollination response was drastically reduced when mature stigmas were pre-treated with a fatty acid synthase inhibitor. This finding suggested that fatty acid accumulation in the stigmas may be essential for compatible pollination and its downregulation during maturity must have evolved as a support module to discourage the mounting of self-incompatible pollen.
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spelling pubmed-96562822022-11-15 Fatty Acid Biosynthesis Pathways Are Downregulated during Stigma Development and Are Critical during Self-Incompatible Responses in Ornamental Kale Qin, Hongtao Li, Hang Abhinandan, Kumar Xun, Baoru Yao, Kun Shi, Jiayuan Zhao, Ruoxi Li, Mugeng Wu, Ying Lan, Xingguo Int J Mol Sci Article In Brassicaceae, the papillary cells of the stigma are the primary site of the self-incompatibility (SI) responses. SI preserves the genetic diversity by selectively rejecting irrelevant or incompatible pollen, thus promoting cross fertilization and species fitness. Mechanisms that regulate SI responses in Brassica have been studied mainly on the mature stigma that often undermines how stigma papillary cells attain the state of SI during development. To understand this, we integrated PacBio SMRT-seq with Illumina RNA-seq to construct a de novo full-length transcriptomic database for different stages of stigma development in ornamental kale. A total of 48,800 non-redundant transcripts, 31,269 novel transcripts, 24,015 genes, 13,390 alternative splicing, 22,389 simple sequence repeats, 21,816 complete ORF sequences, and 4591 lncRNAs were identified and analyzed using PacBio SMRT-seq. The Illumina RNA-seq revealed 15,712 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 8619 transcription factors. The KEGG enrichment analysis of 4038 DEGs in the “incompatibility” group revealed that the flavonoid and fatty acid biosynthesis pathways were significantly enriched. The cluster and qRT-PCR analysis indicated that 11 and 14 candidate genes for the flavonoid and fatty acid biosynthesis pathways have the lowest expression levels at stigma maturation, respectively. To understand the physiological relevance of the downregulation of fatty acid biosynthesis pathways, we performed inhibitor feeding assays on the mature stigma. The compatible pollination response was drastically reduced when mature stigmas were pre-treated with a fatty acid synthase inhibitor. This finding suggested that fatty acid accumulation in the stigmas may be essential for compatible pollination and its downregulation during maturity must have evolved as a support module to discourage the mounting of self-incompatible pollen. MDPI 2022-10-28 /pmc/articles/PMC9656282/ /pubmed/36361887 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232113102 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Qin, Hongtao
Li, Hang
Abhinandan, Kumar
Xun, Baoru
Yao, Kun
Shi, Jiayuan
Zhao, Ruoxi
Li, Mugeng
Wu, Ying
Lan, Xingguo
Fatty Acid Biosynthesis Pathways Are Downregulated during Stigma Development and Are Critical during Self-Incompatible Responses in Ornamental Kale
title Fatty Acid Biosynthesis Pathways Are Downregulated during Stigma Development and Are Critical during Self-Incompatible Responses in Ornamental Kale
title_full Fatty Acid Biosynthesis Pathways Are Downregulated during Stigma Development and Are Critical during Self-Incompatible Responses in Ornamental Kale
title_fullStr Fatty Acid Biosynthesis Pathways Are Downregulated during Stigma Development and Are Critical during Self-Incompatible Responses in Ornamental Kale
title_full_unstemmed Fatty Acid Biosynthesis Pathways Are Downregulated during Stigma Development and Are Critical during Self-Incompatible Responses in Ornamental Kale
title_short Fatty Acid Biosynthesis Pathways Are Downregulated during Stigma Development and Are Critical during Self-Incompatible Responses in Ornamental Kale
title_sort fatty acid biosynthesis pathways are downregulated during stigma development and are critical during self-incompatible responses in ornamental kale
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9656282/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36361887
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232113102
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