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Variation in Cell Wall Metabolism and Flesh Firmness of Four Apple Cultivars during Fruit Development

Fruit ripening and softening are highly complex processes, and there is an interplay and coordination between the metabolic pathways that are involved in the biological processes. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the variation in the characters and possible causes of cell wall materials and morp...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Su, Qiufang, Li, Xianglu, Wang, Lexing, Wang, Bochen, Feng, Yifeng, Yang, Huijuan, Zhao, Zhengyang
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9656455/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36360131
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11213518
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author Su, Qiufang
Li, Xianglu
Wang, Lexing
Wang, Bochen
Feng, Yifeng
Yang, Huijuan
Zhao, Zhengyang
author_facet Su, Qiufang
Li, Xianglu
Wang, Lexing
Wang, Bochen
Feng, Yifeng
Yang, Huijuan
Zhao, Zhengyang
author_sort Su, Qiufang
collection PubMed
description Fruit ripening and softening are highly complex processes, and there is an interplay and coordination between the metabolic pathways that are involved in the biological processes. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the variation in the characters and possible causes of cell wall materials and morphological structure during apple fruits development. We studied the cell wall material (CWM), structure, cellular morphology, hydrolase activity, and the transcriptional levels of the related genes in four apple varieties ‘Ruixue’ and ‘Ruixianghong’ and their parents (‘Pink Lady’ and ‘Fuji’) during fruit development. The decrease in the contents of CWMs, sodium carbonate soluble pectin, hemicellulose, and cellulose were positively correlated with the decline in the hardness during the fruit development. In general, the activities of polygalacturonase, β-galactosidase, and cellulase enzymes increased during the late developmental period. As the fruit grew, the fruit cells of all of the cultivars gradually became larger, and the cell arrangement became more relaxed, the fruit cell walls became thinner, and the intercellular space became larger. In conclusion, the correlation analysis indicated that the up-regulation of the relative expression levels of ethylene synthesis and cell wall hydrolase genes enhanced the activity of the cell wall hydrolase, resulting in the degradation of the CWMs and the depolymerization of the cell wall structure, which affected the final firmness of the apple cultivars in the mature period.
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spelling pubmed-96564552022-11-15 Variation in Cell Wall Metabolism and Flesh Firmness of Four Apple Cultivars during Fruit Development Su, Qiufang Li, Xianglu Wang, Lexing Wang, Bochen Feng, Yifeng Yang, Huijuan Zhao, Zhengyang Foods Article Fruit ripening and softening are highly complex processes, and there is an interplay and coordination between the metabolic pathways that are involved in the biological processes. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the variation in the characters and possible causes of cell wall materials and morphological structure during apple fruits development. We studied the cell wall material (CWM), structure, cellular morphology, hydrolase activity, and the transcriptional levels of the related genes in four apple varieties ‘Ruixue’ and ‘Ruixianghong’ and their parents (‘Pink Lady’ and ‘Fuji’) during fruit development. The decrease in the contents of CWMs, sodium carbonate soluble pectin, hemicellulose, and cellulose were positively correlated with the decline in the hardness during the fruit development. In general, the activities of polygalacturonase, β-galactosidase, and cellulase enzymes increased during the late developmental period. As the fruit grew, the fruit cells of all of the cultivars gradually became larger, and the cell arrangement became more relaxed, the fruit cell walls became thinner, and the intercellular space became larger. In conclusion, the correlation analysis indicated that the up-regulation of the relative expression levels of ethylene synthesis and cell wall hydrolase genes enhanced the activity of the cell wall hydrolase, resulting in the degradation of the CWMs and the depolymerization of the cell wall structure, which affected the final firmness of the apple cultivars in the mature period. MDPI 2022-11-04 /pmc/articles/PMC9656455/ /pubmed/36360131 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11213518 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Su, Qiufang
Li, Xianglu
Wang, Lexing
Wang, Bochen
Feng, Yifeng
Yang, Huijuan
Zhao, Zhengyang
Variation in Cell Wall Metabolism and Flesh Firmness of Four Apple Cultivars during Fruit Development
title Variation in Cell Wall Metabolism and Flesh Firmness of Four Apple Cultivars during Fruit Development
title_full Variation in Cell Wall Metabolism and Flesh Firmness of Four Apple Cultivars during Fruit Development
title_fullStr Variation in Cell Wall Metabolism and Flesh Firmness of Four Apple Cultivars during Fruit Development
title_full_unstemmed Variation in Cell Wall Metabolism and Flesh Firmness of Four Apple Cultivars during Fruit Development
title_short Variation in Cell Wall Metabolism and Flesh Firmness of Four Apple Cultivars during Fruit Development
title_sort variation in cell wall metabolism and flesh firmness of four apple cultivars during fruit development
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9656455/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36360131
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11213518
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