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Future Perspectives of Ectopic Pregnancy Treatment—Review of Possible Pharmacological Methods
Ectopic pregnancy, that is, a blastocyst occurring outside the endometrial cavity of the uterus, affects nearly 2% of pregnancies. The treatment of ectopic pregnancy is surgical or pharmacological. Since surgical management is associated with numerous serious side effects, conservative treatment is...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9656791/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36361110 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192114230 |
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author | Leziak, Milena Żak, Klaudia Frankowska, Karolina Ziółkiewicz, Aleksandra Perczyńska, Weronika Abramiuk, Monika Tarkowski, Rafał Kułak, Krzysztof |
author_facet | Leziak, Milena Żak, Klaudia Frankowska, Karolina Ziółkiewicz, Aleksandra Perczyńska, Weronika Abramiuk, Monika Tarkowski, Rafał Kułak, Krzysztof |
author_sort | Leziak, Milena |
collection | PubMed |
description | Ectopic pregnancy, that is, a blastocyst occurring outside the endometrial cavity of the uterus, affects nearly 2% of pregnancies. The treatment of ectopic pregnancy is surgical or pharmacological. Since surgical management is associated with numerous serious side effects, conservative treatment is sought. The treatment of choice in the majority of cases is based on pharmacotherapy with methotrexate (MTX) in a single- or multi-dose regimen. Although the efficacy of methotrexate reaches between 70 and 90%, its use requires specific conditions regarding both the general condition of the patient and the characteristic features of the ectopic pregnancy. Moreover, MTX can cause severe adverse effects, including stomatitis, hepatotoxicity and myelosuppression. Therefore, clinicians and researchers are still looking for a less toxic, more effective treatment, which could prevent surgeries as a second-choice treatment. Some studies indicate that other substances might constitute a good alternative to methotrexate in the management of ectopic pregnancies. These substances include aromatase inhibitors, especially letrozole. Another promising substance in EP treatment is gefitinib, an inhibitor of EGFR tyrosine domain which, combined with MTX, seems to constitute a more effective alternative in the management of tubal ectopic pregnancies. Other substances for local administration include KCl and absolute ethanol. KCl injections used in combination with MTX may be used when foetal heart function is detected in cervical ectopic pregnancies, as well as in heterotopic pregnancy treatment. Absolute ethanol injections proved successful and safe in caesarean scar pregnancies management. Thus far, little is known about the use of those substances in the treatment of ectopic pregnancies, but already conducted studies seem to be promising. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9656791 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-96567912022-11-15 Future Perspectives of Ectopic Pregnancy Treatment—Review of Possible Pharmacological Methods Leziak, Milena Żak, Klaudia Frankowska, Karolina Ziółkiewicz, Aleksandra Perczyńska, Weronika Abramiuk, Monika Tarkowski, Rafał Kułak, Krzysztof Int J Environ Res Public Health Review Ectopic pregnancy, that is, a blastocyst occurring outside the endometrial cavity of the uterus, affects nearly 2% of pregnancies. The treatment of ectopic pregnancy is surgical or pharmacological. Since surgical management is associated with numerous serious side effects, conservative treatment is sought. The treatment of choice in the majority of cases is based on pharmacotherapy with methotrexate (MTX) in a single- or multi-dose regimen. Although the efficacy of methotrexate reaches between 70 and 90%, its use requires specific conditions regarding both the general condition of the patient and the characteristic features of the ectopic pregnancy. Moreover, MTX can cause severe adverse effects, including stomatitis, hepatotoxicity and myelosuppression. Therefore, clinicians and researchers are still looking for a less toxic, more effective treatment, which could prevent surgeries as a second-choice treatment. Some studies indicate that other substances might constitute a good alternative to methotrexate in the management of ectopic pregnancies. These substances include aromatase inhibitors, especially letrozole. Another promising substance in EP treatment is gefitinib, an inhibitor of EGFR tyrosine domain which, combined with MTX, seems to constitute a more effective alternative in the management of tubal ectopic pregnancies. Other substances for local administration include KCl and absolute ethanol. KCl injections used in combination with MTX may be used when foetal heart function is detected in cervical ectopic pregnancies, as well as in heterotopic pregnancy treatment. Absolute ethanol injections proved successful and safe in caesarean scar pregnancies management. Thus far, little is known about the use of those substances in the treatment of ectopic pregnancies, but already conducted studies seem to be promising. MDPI 2022-10-31 /pmc/articles/PMC9656791/ /pubmed/36361110 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192114230 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Leziak, Milena Żak, Klaudia Frankowska, Karolina Ziółkiewicz, Aleksandra Perczyńska, Weronika Abramiuk, Monika Tarkowski, Rafał Kułak, Krzysztof Future Perspectives of Ectopic Pregnancy Treatment—Review of Possible Pharmacological Methods |
title | Future Perspectives of Ectopic Pregnancy Treatment—Review of Possible Pharmacological Methods |
title_full | Future Perspectives of Ectopic Pregnancy Treatment—Review of Possible Pharmacological Methods |
title_fullStr | Future Perspectives of Ectopic Pregnancy Treatment—Review of Possible Pharmacological Methods |
title_full_unstemmed | Future Perspectives of Ectopic Pregnancy Treatment—Review of Possible Pharmacological Methods |
title_short | Future Perspectives of Ectopic Pregnancy Treatment—Review of Possible Pharmacological Methods |
title_sort | future perspectives of ectopic pregnancy treatment—review of possible pharmacological methods |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9656791/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36361110 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192114230 |
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