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First Stage of the Development of an Eco-Friendly Detergent Formulation for Efficient Removal of Carbonized Soil

Detergent formulations for cleaning a carbonized soil—degreasers—typically comprise surfactants, organic solvents, phosphate-based cleaning agents, and alkaline agents, which results in high pH values (>11) that raise human and environmental risks. It is important to develop eco-friendly and safe...

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Autores principales: Fernandes, Andreia P. M., Ferreira, Ana M., Sebastião, Marco, Santos, Ricardo, Neves, Catarina M. S. S., Coutinho, João A. P.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9656870/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36364294
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27217460
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author Fernandes, Andreia P. M.
Ferreira, Ana M.
Sebastião, Marco
Santos, Ricardo
Neves, Catarina M. S. S.
Coutinho, João A. P.
author_facet Fernandes, Andreia P. M.
Ferreira, Ana M.
Sebastião, Marco
Santos, Ricardo
Neves, Catarina M. S. S.
Coutinho, João A. P.
author_sort Fernandes, Andreia P. M.
collection PubMed
description Detergent formulations for cleaning a carbonized soil—degreasers—typically comprise surfactants, organic solvents, phosphate-based cleaning agents, and alkaline agents, which results in high pH values (>11) that raise human and environmental risks. It is important to develop eco-friendly and safer degreasers, while maintaining their cleaning efficiency. In this work, simple degreaser formulations, with a pH below 11 and without phosphates, were developed by using a mixture of solvent, surfactant, and water to remove carbonized soil. The efficiency of the new degreaser formulations (with 5 wt% solvent, 5 wt% nonionic or ionic surfactant, and 90 wt% water) was evaluated by an abrasion test in the removal of carbonized soil from ceramic and stainless steel surfaces and compared with a commercial product. The results obtained show that the formulations comprising isopropylene glycol (IPG) with C(11)–C(13) 9EOs and diethylene glycol butyl ether (BDG) with octyltrimethylammonium octanoate ([N(1118)][C(8)O(2)]) present the best cleaning efficiency for both surfaces. The composition of these formulations was optimized for each surface using a mixture design. The resulting formulations, despite having a simpler composition, a pH lower than 11, and being phosphate-free, presented a cleaning efficiency equal or slightly higher than the commercial control. These results show that it is possible to design degreasers that are much less aggressive to the environment and user, while simultaneously fulfilling the market requirements.
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spelling pubmed-96568702022-11-15 First Stage of the Development of an Eco-Friendly Detergent Formulation for Efficient Removal of Carbonized Soil Fernandes, Andreia P. M. Ferreira, Ana M. Sebastião, Marco Santos, Ricardo Neves, Catarina M. S. S. Coutinho, João A. P. Molecules Article Detergent formulations for cleaning a carbonized soil—degreasers—typically comprise surfactants, organic solvents, phosphate-based cleaning agents, and alkaline agents, which results in high pH values (>11) that raise human and environmental risks. It is important to develop eco-friendly and safer degreasers, while maintaining their cleaning efficiency. In this work, simple degreaser formulations, with a pH below 11 and without phosphates, were developed by using a mixture of solvent, surfactant, and water to remove carbonized soil. The efficiency of the new degreaser formulations (with 5 wt% solvent, 5 wt% nonionic or ionic surfactant, and 90 wt% water) was evaluated by an abrasion test in the removal of carbonized soil from ceramic and stainless steel surfaces and compared with a commercial product. The results obtained show that the formulations comprising isopropylene glycol (IPG) with C(11)–C(13) 9EOs and diethylene glycol butyl ether (BDG) with octyltrimethylammonium octanoate ([N(1118)][C(8)O(2)]) present the best cleaning efficiency for both surfaces. The composition of these formulations was optimized for each surface using a mixture design. The resulting formulations, despite having a simpler composition, a pH lower than 11, and being phosphate-free, presented a cleaning efficiency equal or slightly higher than the commercial control. These results show that it is possible to design degreasers that are much less aggressive to the environment and user, while simultaneously fulfilling the market requirements. MDPI 2022-11-02 /pmc/articles/PMC9656870/ /pubmed/36364294 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27217460 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Fernandes, Andreia P. M.
Ferreira, Ana M.
Sebastião, Marco
Santos, Ricardo
Neves, Catarina M. S. S.
Coutinho, João A. P.
First Stage of the Development of an Eco-Friendly Detergent Formulation for Efficient Removal of Carbonized Soil
title First Stage of the Development of an Eco-Friendly Detergent Formulation for Efficient Removal of Carbonized Soil
title_full First Stage of the Development of an Eco-Friendly Detergent Formulation for Efficient Removal of Carbonized Soil
title_fullStr First Stage of the Development of an Eco-Friendly Detergent Formulation for Efficient Removal of Carbonized Soil
title_full_unstemmed First Stage of the Development of an Eco-Friendly Detergent Formulation for Efficient Removal of Carbonized Soil
title_short First Stage of the Development of an Eco-Friendly Detergent Formulation for Efficient Removal of Carbonized Soil
title_sort first stage of the development of an eco-friendly detergent formulation for efficient removal of carbonized soil
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9656870/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36364294
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27217460
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