UroVysion(TM) Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization in Urological Cancers: A Narrative Review and Future Perspectives

SIMPLE SUMMARY: Positive UroVysion(TM) fluorescence in situ hybridization (U-FISH) is generally considered urothelial carcinoma (UC). However, in our clinical practice, we found that U-FISH also showed positive findings in non-urothelial carcinomas or even metastatic carcinomas. A review is needed to increase awareness to avoid misdiagnosis. This review focuses on summarizing the research status of U-FISH in UC, non-urothelial carcinoma and metastatic tumor, so as to strengthen urologists’ comprehensive understanding of the application value of U-FISH and better complete the accurate diagnosis of urological cancers. ABSTRACT: UroVysion(TM) is a fluorescence in situ hybridization assay that was developed for the detection of bladder cancer (UC accounted for 90%) in urine specimens. It consists of fluorescently labeled DNA probes to the pericentromeric regions of chromosomes 3, 7, 17 and to the 9p21 band location of the P16 tumor suppressor gene, which was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2001 and 2005, respectively, for urine detection in patients with suspected bladder cancer and postoperative recurrence monitoring. Furthermore, recent studies also demonstrated that U-FISH was useful for assessing superficial bladder cancer patients’ response to Bacillus Calmette–Guérin therapy and in detecting upper tract urothelial carcinoma. Therefore, positive U-FISH was well known to urologists as a molecular cytogenetic technique for the detection of UC. However, with the continuous enrichment of clinical studies at home and abroad, U-FISH has shown a broader application space in the detection of various urinary primary tumors and even metastatic tumors. This review focuses on summarizing the research status of U-FISH in UC, non-urothelial carcinoma and metastatic tumor, so as to strengthen urologists’ more comprehensive understanding of the application value of U-FISH and better complete the accurate diagnosis and treatment of urological cancers.