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Rubber Antioxidants and Their Transformation Products: Environmental Occurrence and Potential Impact
Antioxidants are prevalently used during rubber production to improve rubber performance, delay aging, and extend service life. However, recent studies have revealed that their transformation products (TPs) could adversely affect environmental organisms and even lead to environmental events, which l...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9657274/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36361475 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192114595 |
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author | Xu, Jing Hao, Yanfen Yang, Zhiruo Li, Wenjuan Xie, Wenjing Huang, Yani Wang, Deliang He, Yuqing Liang, Yong Matsiko, Julius Wang, Pu |
author_facet | Xu, Jing Hao, Yanfen Yang, Zhiruo Li, Wenjuan Xie, Wenjing Huang, Yani Wang, Deliang He, Yuqing Liang, Yong Matsiko, Julius Wang, Pu |
author_sort | Xu, Jing |
collection | PubMed |
description | Antioxidants are prevalently used during rubber production to improve rubber performance, delay aging, and extend service life. However, recent studies have revealed that their transformation products (TPs) could adversely affect environmental organisms and even lead to environmental events, which led to great public concern about environmental occurrence and potential impacts of rubber antioxidants and their TPs. In this review, we first summarize the category and application of rubber antioxidants in the world, and then demonstrate the formation mechanism of their TPs in the environment, emphasizing their influence on the ozone oxidative degradation. The potential toxic effects of antioxidants and their TPs are further reviewed to improve understanding of their biological health impact and environmental risks. Finally, the environmental occurrences of antioxidants and their TPs are summarized and their environmental impacts are demonstrated based on the recent studies. Due to the currently limited understanding on the toxic and biological effects of these compounds, further studies are required in order to better assess various TPs of these antioxidants and their environmental impact. To our knowledge, this is the first review on antioxidants and their TPs in the environment, which may elevate the environmental risk awareness of rubber products and their TPs in the near future. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9657274 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-96572742022-11-15 Rubber Antioxidants and Their Transformation Products: Environmental Occurrence and Potential Impact Xu, Jing Hao, Yanfen Yang, Zhiruo Li, Wenjuan Xie, Wenjing Huang, Yani Wang, Deliang He, Yuqing Liang, Yong Matsiko, Julius Wang, Pu Int J Environ Res Public Health Review Antioxidants are prevalently used during rubber production to improve rubber performance, delay aging, and extend service life. However, recent studies have revealed that their transformation products (TPs) could adversely affect environmental organisms and even lead to environmental events, which led to great public concern about environmental occurrence and potential impacts of rubber antioxidants and their TPs. In this review, we first summarize the category and application of rubber antioxidants in the world, and then demonstrate the formation mechanism of their TPs in the environment, emphasizing their influence on the ozone oxidative degradation. The potential toxic effects of antioxidants and their TPs are further reviewed to improve understanding of their biological health impact and environmental risks. Finally, the environmental occurrences of antioxidants and their TPs are summarized and their environmental impacts are demonstrated based on the recent studies. Due to the currently limited understanding on the toxic and biological effects of these compounds, further studies are required in order to better assess various TPs of these antioxidants and their environmental impact. To our knowledge, this is the first review on antioxidants and their TPs in the environment, which may elevate the environmental risk awareness of rubber products and their TPs in the near future. MDPI 2022-11-07 /pmc/articles/PMC9657274/ /pubmed/36361475 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192114595 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Xu, Jing Hao, Yanfen Yang, Zhiruo Li, Wenjuan Xie, Wenjing Huang, Yani Wang, Deliang He, Yuqing Liang, Yong Matsiko, Julius Wang, Pu Rubber Antioxidants and Their Transformation Products: Environmental Occurrence and Potential Impact |
title | Rubber Antioxidants and Their Transformation Products: Environmental Occurrence and Potential Impact |
title_full | Rubber Antioxidants and Their Transformation Products: Environmental Occurrence and Potential Impact |
title_fullStr | Rubber Antioxidants and Their Transformation Products: Environmental Occurrence and Potential Impact |
title_full_unstemmed | Rubber Antioxidants and Their Transformation Products: Environmental Occurrence and Potential Impact |
title_short | Rubber Antioxidants and Their Transformation Products: Environmental Occurrence and Potential Impact |
title_sort | rubber antioxidants and their transformation products: environmental occurrence and potential impact |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9657274/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36361475 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192114595 |
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