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Microstructural and Thermo-Mechanical Characterization of Furfurylated Douglas Fir

Fast-growing wood has become a major source of materials for the wood industry in recent years, but defects have limited its use. Therefore, modification is urgently needed for the more efficient application of wood products. In this study, a 30 to 50% solution of furfuryl alcohol (FA) was impregnat...

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Autores principales: Jiang, Xuefei, Wang, Jing, Wang, Ziheng, Hua, Feiyue, He, Sheng, Lu, Buyun, Wang, Xiang, Zhang, Xuefeng, Leng, Weiqi
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9657297/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36365634
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14214641
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author Jiang, Xuefei
Wang, Jing
Wang, Ziheng
Hua, Feiyue
He, Sheng
Lu, Buyun
Wang, Xiang
Zhang, Xuefeng
Leng, Weiqi
author_facet Jiang, Xuefei
Wang, Jing
Wang, Ziheng
Hua, Feiyue
He, Sheng
Lu, Buyun
Wang, Xiang
Zhang, Xuefeng
Leng, Weiqi
author_sort Jiang, Xuefei
collection PubMed
description Fast-growing wood has become a major source of materials for the wood industry in recent years, but defects have limited its use. Therefore, modification is urgently needed for the more efficient application of wood products. In this study, a 30 to 50% solution of furfuryl alcohol (FA) was impregnated into Douglas fir sapwood. The microstructure and thermal properties of the specimens before and after furfurylation were evaluated by different techniques. The weight percentage gain (WPG) of modified wood increased up to 22.97%, with the polymerized FA distributed in cell lumens and cell walls, as well as chemically bound to wood components. The polyfurfuryl alcohol (PFA) was mainly located in the tracheids, ray parenchyma cells, and resin canals. In addition, the furfurylated cell walls were greatly thickened. Raman spectra showed that modified wood had significant background fluorescence that covered other peaks. Differential Scanning Calorimetry analysis revealed that the cross-linking reaction between FA and wood changed the shape of curves, with no endothermic or exothermic peaks within the programmed temperature. Moreover, Thermogravimetry and Dynamic Mechanical Analysis results both confirmed that the furfurylation increased the thermal stability of Douglas fir. The percentage of the final mass loss of untreated specimen was 80.11%, while the highest one of furfurylated specimen was 78.15%, and it gradually decreased with increasing FA concentration. The storage modulus (E′) and loss modulus (E″) of the furfurylated wood were both lower, and the damping factor (tan δ) was higher than the untreated one. When the temperature reaches about 75 °C, the untreated specimen began to soften and deform. At 90 °C, it fractured completely while the furfurylatedone remained stable. This study demonstrated that furfurylation can improve wood properties and elongate its service life.
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spelling pubmed-96572972022-11-15 Microstructural and Thermo-Mechanical Characterization of Furfurylated Douglas Fir Jiang, Xuefei Wang, Jing Wang, Ziheng Hua, Feiyue He, Sheng Lu, Buyun Wang, Xiang Zhang, Xuefeng Leng, Weiqi Polymers (Basel) Article Fast-growing wood has become a major source of materials for the wood industry in recent years, but defects have limited its use. Therefore, modification is urgently needed for the more efficient application of wood products. In this study, a 30 to 50% solution of furfuryl alcohol (FA) was impregnated into Douglas fir sapwood. The microstructure and thermal properties of the specimens before and after furfurylation were evaluated by different techniques. The weight percentage gain (WPG) of modified wood increased up to 22.97%, with the polymerized FA distributed in cell lumens and cell walls, as well as chemically bound to wood components. The polyfurfuryl alcohol (PFA) was mainly located in the tracheids, ray parenchyma cells, and resin canals. In addition, the furfurylated cell walls were greatly thickened. Raman spectra showed that modified wood had significant background fluorescence that covered other peaks. Differential Scanning Calorimetry analysis revealed that the cross-linking reaction between FA and wood changed the shape of curves, with no endothermic or exothermic peaks within the programmed temperature. Moreover, Thermogravimetry and Dynamic Mechanical Analysis results both confirmed that the furfurylation increased the thermal stability of Douglas fir. The percentage of the final mass loss of untreated specimen was 80.11%, while the highest one of furfurylated specimen was 78.15%, and it gradually decreased with increasing FA concentration. The storage modulus (E′) and loss modulus (E″) of the furfurylated wood were both lower, and the damping factor (tan δ) was higher than the untreated one. When the temperature reaches about 75 °C, the untreated specimen began to soften and deform. At 90 °C, it fractured completely while the furfurylatedone remained stable. This study demonstrated that furfurylation can improve wood properties and elongate its service life. MDPI 2022-10-31 /pmc/articles/PMC9657297/ /pubmed/36365634 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14214641 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Jiang, Xuefei
Wang, Jing
Wang, Ziheng
Hua, Feiyue
He, Sheng
Lu, Buyun
Wang, Xiang
Zhang, Xuefeng
Leng, Weiqi
Microstructural and Thermo-Mechanical Characterization of Furfurylated Douglas Fir
title Microstructural and Thermo-Mechanical Characterization of Furfurylated Douglas Fir
title_full Microstructural and Thermo-Mechanical Characterization of Furfurylated Douglas Fir
title_fullStr Microstructural and Thermo-Mechanical Characterization of Furfurylated Douglas Fir
title_full_unstemmed Microstructural and Thermo-Mechanical Characterization of Furfurylated Douglas Fir
title_short Microstructural and Thermo-Mechanical Characterization of Furfurylated Douglas Fir
title_sort microstructural and thermo-mechanical characterization of furfurylated douglas fir
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9657297/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36365634
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14214641
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