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Pediatric Multisystem Syndrome Associated with SARS-CoV-2 (MIS-C): The Interplay of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation
Pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome temporally associated with SARS-CoV-2 (MIS-C) is characterized by persistent fever and evidence of single or multiorgan dysfunction, and laboratory evidence of inflammation, elevated neutrophils, reduced lymphocytes, and low albumin. The pathophysiological...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9657970/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36361640 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232112836 |
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author | Perrone, Serafina Cannavò, Laura Manti, Sara Rullo, Immacolata Buonocore, Giuseppe Esposito, Susanna Maria Roberta Gitto, Eloisa |
author_facet | Perrone, Serafina Cannavò, Laura Manti, Sara Rullo, Immacolata Buonocore, Giuseppe Esposito, Susanna Maria Roberta Gitto, Eloisa |
author_sort | Perrone, Serafina |
collection | PubMed |
description | Pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome temporally associated with SARS-CoV-2 (MIS-C) is characterized by persistent fever and evidence of single or multiorgan dysfunction, and laboratory evidence of inflammation, elevated neutrophils, reduced lymphocytes, and low albumin. The pathophysiological mechanisms of MIS-C are still unknown. Proinflammatory mediators, including reactive oxygen species and decreased antioxidant enzymes, seems to play a central role. Virus entry activates NOXs and inhibits Nrf-2 antioxidant response inducing free radicals. The biological functions of nonphagocytic NOXs are still under study and appear to include: defense of epithelia, intracellular signaling mechanisms for growth regulation and cell differentiation, and post-translational modifications of proteins. This educational review has the aim of analyzing the newest evidence on the role of oxidative stress (OS) in MIS-C. Only by relating inflammatory mediators to OS evaluation in children following SARS-CoV-2 infection will it be possible to achieve a better understanding of these mechanisms and to reduce long-term morbidity. The link between inflammation and OS is key to developing effective prevention strategies with antioxidants to protect children. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9657970 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-96579702022-11-15 Pediatric Multisystem Syndrome Associated with SARS-CoV-2 (MIS-C): The Interplay of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Perrone, Serafina Cannavò, Laura Manti, Sara Rullo, Immacolata Buonocore, Giuseppe Esposito, Susanna Maria Roberta Gitto, Eloisa Int J Mol Sci Review Pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome temporally associated with SARS-CoV-2 (MIS-C) is characterized by persistent fever and evidence of single or multiorgan dysfunction, and laboratory evidence of inflammation, elevated neutrophils, reduced lymphocytes, and low albumin. The pathophysiological mechanisms of MIS-C are still unknown. Proinflammatory mediators, including reactive oxygen species and decreased antioxidant enzymes, seems to play a central role. Virus entry activates NOXs and inhibits Nrf-2 antioxidant response inducing free radicals. The biological functions of nonphagocytic NOXs are still under study and appear to include: defense of epithelia, intracellular signaling mechanisms for growth regulation and cell differentiation, and post-translational modifications of proteins. This educational review has the aim of analyzing the newest evidence on the role of oxidative stress (OS) in MIS-C. Only by relating inflammatory mediators to OS evaluation in children following SARS-CoV-2 infection will it be possible to achieve a better understanding of these mechanisms and to reduce long-term morbidity. The link between inflammation and OS is key to developing effective prevention strategies with antioxidants to protect children. MDPI 2022-10-25 /pmc/articles/PMC9657970/ /pubmed/36361640 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232112836 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Perrone, Serafina Cannavò, Laura Manti, Sara Rullo, Immacolata Buonocore, Giuseppe Esposito, Susanna Maria Roberta Gitto, Eloisa Pediatric Multisystem Syndrome Associated with SARS-CoV-2 (MIS-C): The Interplay of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation |
title | Pediatric Multisystem Syndrome Associated with SARS-CoV-2 (MIS-C): The Interplay of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation |
title_full | Pediatric Multisystem Syndrome Associated with SARS-CoV-2 (MIS-C): The Interplay of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation |
title_fullStr | Pediatric Multisystem Syndrome Associated with SARS-CoV-2 (MIS-C): The Interplay of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation |
title_full_unstemmed | Pediatric Multisystem Syndrome Associated with SARS-CoV-2 (MIS-C): The Interplay of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation |
title_short | Pediatric Multisystem Syndrome Associated with SARS-CoV-2 (MIS-C): The Interplay of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation |
title_sort | pediatric multisystem syndrome associated with sars-cov-2 (mis-c): the interplay of oxidative stress and inflammation |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9657970/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36361640 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232112836 |
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